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Silanus the Christian
Silanus the Christian

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Silanus the Christian is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Silanus the Christian
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.
He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.
This,” said I, has strengthened methis and the influence of his characterin the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.
But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.
We are to say, These things are nothing to us’.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Silanus the Christian

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Silanus the Christian is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.
Line 2
He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.
/hiː hæd tɔːt ʌs aɪ sed tuː nəˈɡlekt ɪkˈstɜːrnəl θɪŋz ənd tuː ˈvæljuː ˈvɝː.tʃuː æz ˈbiːɪŋ pleɪst baɪ ɡɑːd ɪn ˈaʊər oʊn ˈpaʊər ənd ə pəˈzeʃən ˈoʊ.pən tuː ɔːl/
Line 3
This,” said I, “has strengthened methis and the influence of his characterin the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.
Line 4
But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.
Line 5
We are to say, ‘These things are nothing to us’.”
/wiː ɑːr tuː seɪ ðiːz θɪŋz ɑːr ˈnʌθɪŋ tuː ʌs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attending noun US /əˈtendɪŋ/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading “SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.”

clemens noun US /ˈklemənz/

United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)

From this reading “SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.”

converses noun US /ˈkɑːnvərsəz/

plural of “converse” — a proposition obtained by conversion

From this reading “SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.”

Epictetus noun US /ˌepɪkˈtiːtəs/

Greek philosopher who was a Stoic (circa 50-130)

From this reading “SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.”

external adjective US /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading “He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.”

lectures noun US /ˈlektʃərz/

plural of “lecture” — a speech that is open to the public

From this reading “SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.”

strengthened adjective US /ˈstreŋθənd/

given added strength or support

From this reading ““This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.”

teaches noun US /ˈtiːtʃəz/

plural of “teach” — an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

From this reading “But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

external things adjective + noun

In this reading “He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.”

CONVERSES WITH verb + particle counted as “converse with”

In this reading “SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.”

mere pleasures adjective + noun counted as “mere pleasure”

In this reading ““This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.”

other hand adjective + noun

In this reading “But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.”

own power verb + noun

In this reading “He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

attendingnounUS /əˈtendɪŋ/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

CLEMENSnounUS /ˈklemənz/

United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

CONVERSESnounUS /ˈkɑːnvərsəz/

plural of “converse” — a proposition obtained by conversion

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

dearestnounUS /ˈdɪrəst/

a beloved person; used as terms of endearment

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

EpictetusnounUS /ˌepɪkˈtiːtəs/

Greek philosopher who was a Stoic (circa 50-130)

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

lecturesnounUS /ˈlektʃərz/

plural of “lecture” — a speech that is open to the public

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

misdoings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

neglectverbUS /nəˈɡlekt/

leave undone or leave out

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading We are to say, ‘These things are nothing to us’.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading We are to say, ‘These things are nothing to us’.”

SILANUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

strengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈstreŋθənd/

given added strength or support

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

teachesnounUS /ˈtiːtʃəz/

plural of “teach” — an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading We are to say, ‘These things are nothing to us’.”

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “This,” said I, “has strengthened me—this and the influence of his character—in the determination to lead a life above the mere pleasures of the flesh.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

troubledadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəld/

characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading He had taught us, I said, to neglect external things, and to value virtue, as being placed by God in our own power and a possession open to all.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading But, on the other hand, Epictetus teaches us that we are never to be troubled, not even by the troubles or misdoings of those nearest and dearest to us.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SILANUS CONVERSES WITH CLEMENS I explained to Clemens that I had been attending the lectures of Epictetus.

Chapter 31 of Silanus the Christian by Edwin Abbott Abbott holds 199 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Silanus the Christian contain?

Chapter 31 holds 199 sentences of Silanus the Christian, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Silanus the Christian by Edwin Abbott Abbott exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 199 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Silanus the Christian?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Silanus the Christian

Common questions about reading Silanus the Christian by Edwin Abbott Abbott on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Silanus the Christian?

Yes. All 6584 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56843 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Silanus the Christian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56843, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Silanus the Christian take to read?

About 548 minutes of reading across 1317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Silanus the Christian section by section

How to work through Silanus the Christian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of Silanus the Christian to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Silanus the Christian

Words and structures a reader meets early in Silanus the Christian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Guide
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Silanus the Christian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Through
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Silanus the Christian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Greek
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Silanus the Christian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hebrew
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Silanus the Christian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.