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Sinister Street, Vol. 1
Sinister Street, Vol. 1

Chapter XVI · _Pax_

Chapter XVI of Sinister Street, Vol. 1, “_Pax_,” is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Sinister Street, Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.
After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.
Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.
The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.
The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sinister Street, Vol. 1

Chapter XVI · _Pax_

Chapter XVI of Sinister Street, Vol. 1, “_Pax_,” is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.
/tiː hiː ˈloʊər fɪfθ ˈoʊnli nuː ˈmaɪkəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈɔːtəm tɜːrm/
Line 2
After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.
Line 3
Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.
/riˈmuːvd frʌm ðə temˈteɪʃənz ʌv ə ˈmeri ˈkʌmpəniː ˈmaɪkəl wɜːrkt ˈveri hɑːrd ˌɪnˈdiːd ənd kept hɪz breɪn fɪt baɪ ˈɑːrɡjəmənt ˌɪnˈsted ʌv ˈfʊtbɔːl/
Line 4
The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.
/ðə prɪˈveɪlɪŋ ˈætətuːd ʌv hɪmˈself ənd hɪz kənˈtempəreriz təˈwɔːrdz ðə ˈprezənt wɑːz wʌn ʌv proʊˈfaʊnd ˈpesəmɪzəm/
Line 5
The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contemporaries noun US /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.”

dearth noun US /dɜːrθ/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading “The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.”

deteriorating verb US /dɪˈtɪriəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “deteriorate” — become worse or disintegrate

From this reading “The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.”

novelists noun US /ˈnɑːvələsts/

plural of “novelist” — one who writes novels

From this reading “The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.”

pessimism noun US /ˈpesəmɪzəm/

the feeling that things will turn out badly

From this reading “The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.”

proficiency noun US /prəˈfɪʃənsi/

the quality of having great facility and competence

From this reading “After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.”

prototypes noun US /ˈproʊtətaɪps/

plural of “prototype” — a standard or typical example

From this reading “The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.”

scholarship noun US /ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/

financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit

From this reading “The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

plunging into verb + particle counted as “plunge into”

In this reading “The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.”

into an abyss preposition + article + noun counted as “into … abyss”

In this reading “The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.”

merry company adjective + noun

In this reading “Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.”

many friends adjective + noun counted as “many friend”

In this reading “After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

abyssnounUS /əˈbɪs/

a bottomless gulf or pit; any unfathomable (or apparently unfathomable) cavity or chasm or void extending below (often used figuratively)

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

Alan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

AutumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

brainnounUS /breɪn/

that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

CertificatenounUS /sərˈtɪfɪkət/

a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

concentratedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnsəntreɪtɪd/

gathered together or made less diffuse

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

contemporariesnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

dearthnounUS /dɜːrθ/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

deterioratingverbUS /dɪˈtɪriəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “deteriorate” — become worse or disintegrate

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

DickensnounUS /ˈdɪkənz/

a word used in exclamations of confusion

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

DivinitynounUS /dɪˈvɪnəti/

any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

FifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

footballnounUS /ˈfʊtbɔːl/

any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

HEpronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

HigheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

LowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

MathematicsnounUS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/

a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

MichaelnounUS /ˈmaɪkəl/

(Old Testament) the guardian archangel of the Jews

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

MiddlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

novelistsnounUS /ˈnɑːvələsts/

plural of “novelist” — one who writes novels

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

obtainingverbUS /əbˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

obviouslyadverbUS /ˈɑːbviəsli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

pessimismnounUS /ˈpesəmɪzəm/

the feeling that things will turn out badly

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

plungingverbUS /ˈplʌndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “plunge” — thrust or throw into

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

prevailingadjectiveUS /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/

most frequent or common

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

proficiencynounUS /prəˈfɪʃənsi/

the quality of having great facility and competence

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

prototypesnounUS /ˈproʊtətaɪps/

plural of “prototype” — a standard or typical example

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

RemovedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

scholarshipnounUS /ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/

financial aid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

temptationsnounUS /temˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “temptation” — something that seduces or has the quality to seduce

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading T HE Lower Fifth only knew Michael during the Autumn term.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading After Christmas he moved up to the Middle Fifth, and, leaving behind him many friends, including Alan, he found himself in an industrious society concentrated upon obtaining the Oxford and Cambridge Higher Certificate for proficiency in Greek, Latin, Mathematics and either Divinity, French or History.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The prevailing attitude of himself and his contemporaries towards the present was one of profound pessimism.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Removed from the temptations of a merry company, Michael worked very hard indeed and kept his brain fit by argument instead of football.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The scholarship of St. James’ was deteriorating; there was a dearth of great English poets; novelists were not so good as once they were in the days of Dickens; the new boys were obviously inferior to their prototypes in the past; the weather was growing worse year by year; the country was plunging into an abyss.

Chapter 16 of Sinister Street, Vol. 1 by Compton MacKenzie holds 305 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Sinister Street, Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 305 sentences of Sinister Street, Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Sinister Street, Vol. 1 by Compton MacKenzie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 305 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Sinister Street, Vol. 1?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sinister Street, Vol. 1

Common questions about reading Sinister Street, Vol. 1 by Compton MacKenzie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sinister Street, Vol. 1?

Yes. All 8890 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33797 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sinister Street, Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33797, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sinister Street, Vol. 1 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1778 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sinister Street, Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through Sinister Street, Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Sinister Street, Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sinister Street, Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sinister Street, Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sinister Street, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Particularly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sinister Street, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jolly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sinister Street, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rhymes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sinister Street, Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.