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Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy
Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy is here in full — 208 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.
In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.
Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.
And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.
And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy is here in full — 208 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.
Line 2
In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.
Line 3
Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.
Line 4
And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.
Line 5
And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bartered verb US /ˈbɑːrtərd/

past form of “barter” — exchange goods without involving money

From this reading “In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.”

circumvented verb US /ˌsɜːrkəmˈventɪd/

past form of “circumvent” — surround so as to force to give up

From this reading “HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.”

confabulation noun US /kənˌfæbjəˈleɪʃən/

an informal conversation

From this reading “And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.”

rectitude noun US /ˈrektɪtuːd/

righteousness as a consequence of being honorable and honest

From this reading “And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.”

summer's noun US /ˈsʌmərz/

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

Tanner noun US /ˈtænər/

a small coin of the United Kingdom worth six pennies; not minted since 1970

From this reading “And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.”

untold adjective US /ənˈtoʊld/

too much to be measured

From this reading “And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.”

wrack noun US /ræk/

dried seaweed especially that cast ashore

From this reading “In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

countless generations adjective + noun counted as “countless generation”

In this reading “And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.”

converse with verb + particle

In this reading “And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.”

all sorts adjective + noun counted as “all sort”

In this reading “And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.”

desperate men adjective + noun

In this reading “In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.”

All words in this reading · 130

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

Aelfric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

Aelfric's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

Alfriston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

barteredverbUS /ˈbɑːrtərd/

past form of “barter” — exchange goods without involving money

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

ceorls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

chattedverbUS /ˈtʃætəd/

inflected form of “chat” — talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

CIRCUMVENTEDverbUS /ˌsɜːrkəmˈventɪd/

past form of “circumvent” — surround so as to force to give up

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

confabulationnounUS /kənˌfæbjəˈleɪʃən/

an informal conversation

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

converseverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərs/

carry on a conversation

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

CrossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

dimadjectiveUS /dɪm/

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

drowsingadjective

half asleep

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

enduredverbUS /enˈdjʊrd/

past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

evenounUS /iːv/

(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

far-distant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

feoffman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

gently-assertive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

GEORGEnounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

Godwyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

guilefuladjective

marked by skill in deception

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

guilelessness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

Harold's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

innocencenounUS /ˈɪnəsəns/

the quality of innocent naivete

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

Jarl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

lashedverbUS /læʃt/

past form of “lash” — beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

leanedverbUS /liːnd/

past form of “lean” — to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

loungingverbUS /ˈlaʊndʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “lounge” — sit or recline comfortably

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

lustyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌsti/

vigorously passionate

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

monosyllabicadjective

having or characterized by or consisting of one syllable

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

murmurousadjective

characterized by soft sounds

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

piousadjectiveUS /ˈpaɪəs/

having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

POTTERverbUS /ˈpɑːtər/

do random, unplanned work or activities or spend time idly

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

PREVENTIVES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

proppedverbUS /prɑːpt/

inflected form of “prop” — support by placing against something solid or rigid

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

Pursglove

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

rectitudenounUS /ˈrektɪtuːd/

righteousness as a consequence of being honorable and honest

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

reeledverbUS /riːld/

past form of “reel” — walk as if unable to control one's movements

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

SaxonnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

Senlac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

stressnounUS /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

suggestiveadjectiveUS /səˈdʒestɪv/

tending to suggest or imply

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

summer'snounUS /ˈsʌmərz/

possessive form of “summer” — the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

TannernounUS /ˈtænər/

a small coin of the United Kingdom worth six pennies; not minted since 1970

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

trafficked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

untoldadjectiveUS /ənˈtoʊld/

too much to be measured

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

villeins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

waxedadjectiveUS /wækst/

treated with wax

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

wearyverbUS /ˈwɪri/

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading And as it doubtless was once the place where Aelfric’s ceorls and villeins bartered and chatted, so has it been a familiar spot for lounging confabulation ever since, and has propped the backs of “all sorts and conditions of men” through countless generations.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Here has it stood through the centuries, lashed by rain and wind, or drowsing in the sun, while England waxed great and powerful.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And of all this untold host surely never was there a back so suggestive of conscious innocence, of gently-assertive rectitude and of guileful guilelessness as the broad back of Mr. George Potter as he leaned there this summer’s eve in murmurous, monosyllabic converse with Master Tom Pursglove, the Tanner.

wracknounUS /ræk/

dried seaweed especially that cast ashore

From this reading In its shadow may have stood Godwyn the great Jarl, and his feoffman Aelfric; about it lusty Saxon ceorls bartered and trafficked; past it may have reeled some of the bloody wrack of Harold’s army, desperate men weary from the fatal strife at Senlac.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading HOW GEORGE POTTER CIRCUMVENTED THE PREVENTIVES Since that dim, far-distant day when pious hands first raised Alfriston Cross, it has endured much by stress of weather and the passing of so very many years.

Chapter 20 of Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy by Jeffery Farnol holds 208 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy contain?

Chapter 20 holds 208 sentences of Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy by Jeffery Farnol exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 208 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Sir John Dering: A romantic comedy?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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