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Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses
Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).
HELEN ZIMMERN.
The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1
DISCOURSE II.
The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).
/tekst enˈkloʊzd baɪ ˈiːkwəl saɪnz ɪz ɪn boʊld feɪs boʊld/
Line 2
HELEN ZIMMERN.
Line 3
The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1
Line 4
DISCOURSE II.
Line 5
The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

copying noun US /ˈkɑːpiɪŋ/

an act of copying

From this reading “The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.”

dexterity noun US /dekˈsterəti/

adroitness in using the hands

From this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

exacted verb US /ɪɡˈzæktɪd/

past form of “exact” — claim as due or just

From this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

implicit adjective US /ˌɪmˈplɪsət/

implied though not directly expressed; inherent in the nature of something

From this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

masterly adjective US /ˈmæstərli/

having or revealing supreme mastery or skill

From this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

premature adjective US /ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr/

born after a gestation period of less than the normal time

From this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

Professors noun US /prəˈfesərz/

plural of “professor” — someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

repressed adjective US /riˈprest/

characterized by or showing the suppression of impulses or emotions

From this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

implicit obedience adjective + noun

In this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

young students adjective + noun counted as “young student”

In this reading “The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1”

different stages adjective + noun counted as “different stage”

In this reading “The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.”

all times adjective + noun

In this reading “The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

AcademynounUS /əˈkæd.ə.mi/

A place of study or training in a special field of knowledge and arts.

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

Artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

ArtistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

copyingnounUS /ˈkɑːpiɪŋ/

an act of copying

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

dexteritynounUS /dekˈsterəti/

adroitness in using the hands

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

diligencenounUS /ˈdɪlədʒəns/

conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving the degree of care required in a given situation

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

discountenanced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

DISCOURSEnounUS /ˈdɪskɔːrs/

extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading DISCOURSE II.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

effectualadjective

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

exactedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪd/

past form of “exact” — claim as due or just

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

HELENnounUS /ˈhelən/

(Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War

From this reading HELEN ZIMMERN.

HintsnounUS /hɪnts/

plural of “hint” — an indirect suggestion

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading DISCOURSE II.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

implicitadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈplɪsət/

implied though not directly expressed; inherent in the nature of something

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

layingnounUS /ˈleɪɪŋ/

the production of eggs (especially in birds)

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

masterlyadjectiveUS /ˈmæstərli/

having or revealing supreme mastery or skill

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

MuchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

obediencenounUS /oʊˈbiːdiəns/

the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

prematureadjectiveUS /ˌpriːməˈtʃʊr/

born after a gestation period of less than the normal time

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

proceedingnounUS /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

ProfessorsnounUS /prəˈfesərz/

plural of “professor” — someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

recommendedverbUS /ˌrekəˈmendɪd/

past form of “recommend” — push for something

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

repressedadjectiveUS /riˈprest/

characterized by or showing the suppression of impulses or emotions

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

stagesnounUS /ˈsteɪdʒəz/

plural of “stage” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

TextnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=).

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The course and order of study.--The different stages of Art.--Much copying discountenanced.--The Artist at all times and in all places should be employed in laying up materials for the exercise of his Art 10 DISCOURSE III.

visitorsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtərz/

plural of “visitor” — someone who visits

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The advantages proceeding from the institution of a Royal Academy.--Hints offered to the consideration of the Professors and visitors.--That an implicit obedience to the rules of Art be exacted from the young students.--That a premature disposition to a masterly dexterity be repressed.--That diligence be constantly recommended, and (that it may be effectual) directed to its proper object 1

ZIMMERN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HELEN ZIMMERN.

Chapter 1 of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses by Joshua, Sir Reynolds holds 434 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses contain?

Chapter 1 holds 434 sentences of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses by Joshua, Sir Reynolds exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 434 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses

Common questions about reading Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses by Joshua, Sir Reynolds on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses?

Yes. All 2650 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47610 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47610, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses take to read?

About 220 minutes of reading across 530 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses section by section

How to work through Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Helen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sir Joshua Reynolds' Discourses; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.