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Sister Carrie
Sister Carrie

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Sister Carrie is here in full — 330 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/66 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.
True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.
Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.
The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.
So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sister Carrie

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Sister Carrie is here in full — 330 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/66 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.
Line 2
True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.
Line 3
Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.
Line 4
The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.
Line 5
So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.
/soʊ ʃiː wɑːz ˈθɜːroʊli sərˈpraɪzd tuː ɪnˈkaʊntər hɜːr ɪn ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ striːt wer ʃiː hæd ɡɔːn ˈʃɑːpɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

avoiding verb US /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading “True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.”

corresponded verb US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “correspond” — be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading “True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.”

Fourteenth adjective US /ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the thirteenth in position

From this reading “So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.”

indication noun US /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading “True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.”

phantom noun US /ˈfæn.təm/

A ghost or apparition; a figment of the imagination or a hidden dweller.

From this reading “A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.”

resigned verb US /rɪˈzaɪnd/

past form of “resign” — leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

From this reading “Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.”

shopping noun US /ˈʃɑːpɪŋ/

searching for or buying goods or services

From this reading “So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.”

Thirteenth adjective US /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading “True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

avoidingverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

Carrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

CHANCEnounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

convenientadjectiveUS /kənˈviːnjənt/

suited to your comfort or purpose or needs

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

correspondedverbUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndɪd/

past form of “correspond” — be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

encounterverbUS /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

come together

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

FourteenthadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the thirteenth in position

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

GRIMadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

indicationnounUS /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

PHANTOMnounUS /ˈfæn.təm/

A ghost or apparition; a figment of the imagination or a hidden dweller.

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

resignedverbUS /rɪˈzaɪnd/

past form of “resign” — leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

RETROGRESSIONnoun

passing from a more complex to a simpler biological form

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

Seventy-eighth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

shoppingnounUS /ˈʃɑːpɪŋ/

searching for or buying goods or services

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

silencenounUS /ˈsaɪ.ləns/

Complete absence of sound; a state of quietness and stillness.

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

sorrowfullyadverb

in a sorrowful manner

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

ThirteenthadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

Vance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

Vances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading So she was thoroughly surprised to encounter her in Fourteenth Street, where she had gone shopping.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A GRIM RETROGRESSION: THE PHANTOM OF CHANCE The Vances, who had been back in the city ever since Christmas, had not forgotten Carrie; but they, or rather Mrs. Vance, had never called on her, for the very simple reason that Carrie had never sent her address.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

wonderedverbUS /ˈwʌndərd/

past form of “wonder” — have a wish or desire to know something

From this reading The latter wondered at this strange silence, thought Carrie must have left the city, and in the end gave her up as lost.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading True to her nature, she corresponded with Mrs. Vance as long as she still lived in Seventy-eighth Street, but when she was compelled to move into Thirteenth, her fear that the latter would take it as an indication of reduced circumstances caused her to study some way of avoiding the necessity of giving her address.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading Not finding any convenient method, she sorrowfully resigned the privilege of writing to her friend entirely.

Chapter 31 of Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser holds 330 sentences, grouped into 66 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Sister Carrie contain?

Chapter 31 holds 330 sentences of Sister Carrie, unabridged, divided into 66 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 330 sentences, grouped into 66 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Sister Carrie?

Work through the 66 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 66 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sister Carrie

Common questions about reading Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sister Carrie?

Yes. All 12164 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5267 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sister Carrie is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5267, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sister Carrie take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2433 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sister Carrie section by section

How to work through Sister Carrie section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Sister Carrie to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sister Carrie

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sister Carrie, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Caroline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sister Carrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Meeber
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sister Carrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Boarded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sister Carrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sister Carrie; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.