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Sketches
Sketches

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Sketches is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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_Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.
Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?
The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.
In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.
George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sketches

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Sketches is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.
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Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?
Line 3
The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.
/ðə wɪɡz meɪ rɪˈplaɪ ðæt ɪf ðə ˈpɪrədʒ bɪl hæd bɪˈkʌm ə lɔː ðə rəˈfɔːrm bɪl wʊd ˈnevər hæv bɪn ˌɪntrəˈduːst ənd aɪ bɪˈliːv ðem/
Line 4
In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.
Line 5
George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Adriatic noun US /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading “In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.”

Coalition noun US /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən/

an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty

From this reading “George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.”

consolidated adjective US /kənˈsɑːlədeɪtəd/

joined together into a whole

From this reading “George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.”

ducal adjective US /ˈduːkəl/

of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

From this reading “In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.”

legislative adjective US /ˈledʒəsleɪtɪv/

relating to a legislature or composed of members of a legislature

From this reading “_Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.”

Peerage noun US /ˈpɪrədʒ/

the peers of a kingdom considered as a group

From this reading “Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?”

prerogative noun US /prɪˈrɑːɡətɪv/

a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)

From this reading “_Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.”

Whigs noun US /wɪɡz/

plural of “whig” — a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories

From this reading “_Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1832

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

AdriaticnounUS /ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/

an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

BillnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

CoalitionnounUS /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən/

an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

consolidatedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɑːlədeɪtəd/

joined together into a whole

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

degradingadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdɪŋ/

harmful to the mind or morals

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

ducaladjectiveUS /ˈduːkəl/

of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

forbearancenounUS /fɔːrˈberəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

hintsnounUS /hɪnts/

plural of “hint” — an indirect suggestion

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

HousesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

indebtedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

IndianounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

James'snounUS /ˈdʒeɪmzɪz/

possessive form of “james” — a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

legislativeadjectiveUS /ˈledʒəsleɪtɪv/

relating to a legislature or composed of members of a legislature

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

LordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

mortificationnounUS /ˈmɔːrtəfkeɪʃən/

strong feelings of embarrassment

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

organsnounUS /ˈɔːrɡənz/

edible viscera of a butchered animal

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

ParliamentaryadjectiveUS /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

PeeragenounUS /ˈpɪrədʒ/

the peers of a kingdom considered as a group

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

prerogativenounUS /prɪˈrɑːɡətɪv/

a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

re-establish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

ReformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

remindverbUS /riˈmaɪnd/

put in the mind of someone

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading The Whigs may reply, that if the Peerage Bill had become a law, the Reform Bill would never have been introduced; and I believe them.

routedverbUS /ˈruːtɪd/

past form of “route” — send documents or materials to appropriate destinations

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

salutaryadjectiveUS /ˈsæljəteri/

tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

SenatenounUS /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

sunkadjectiveUS /sʌŋk/

doomed to extinction

From this reading George III. routed the Whigs, consolidated by half a century of power; but an ordinary monarch would have sunk beneath the Coalition and the India Bill.

SupposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

transformedadjectiveUS /trænˈsfɔːrmd/

given a completely different form or appearance

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

VenetiannounUS /vəˈniːʃən/

a resident of Venice

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

WHENconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

WhigsnounUS /wɪɡz/

plural of “whig” — a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Parliamentary Reform_ WHEN the Whigs and their public organs favour us with their mysterious hints that the constitution has provided the sovereign with a means to re-establish at all times a legislative sympathy between the two Houses of Parliament, it may be as well to remind them that we are not indebted for this salutary prerogative to the forbearance of their party.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading In that case, the British House of Lords would have been transformed into a Venetian Senate, and the old walls of St. James’s might have witnessed scenes of as degrading mortification as the famous ducal palace of the Adriatic.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Suppose their Peerage Bill had passed into an Act, how would they have carried the Reform Bill of 1832?

Chapter 21 of Sketches by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli holds 43 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Sketches contain?

Chapter 21 holds 43 sentences of Sketches, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Sketches by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 43 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Sketches?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sketches

Common questions about reading Sketches by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sketches?

Yes. All 1970 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19781 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19781, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sketches take to read?

About 164 minutes of reading across 394 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sketches section by section

How to work through Sketches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Sketches to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Although
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Deepest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shades
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twilight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.