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Sketches
Sketches

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Sketches is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.
There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.
No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.
One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.
The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sketches

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Sketches is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.
Line 2
There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.
Line 3
No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment ofKing, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.
/noʊ pəˈlɪtəkəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz ˈevər jet ˈflɜːrɪʃt wɪtʃ hæv bɪn mɔːr ðə ˈtɑːpɪk ʌv dɪˈskʌʃən əˈmʌŋ ˈraɪtərz ʌv ɔːl ˈkʌntriz ənd ɔːl ˈpɑːrtiz ðæn ˈaʊər ˈfeɪməs ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ʌv kɪŋ lɔːrdz ənd ˈkɑːmənz ənd noʊ ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz ˈevər jet ˈflɜːrɪʃt ʌv wɪtʃ ðə ˈkerɪktər hæz bɪn mɔːr ˌmɪsreprɪˈzentɪd ənd mɔːr mɪskənˈsiːvd/
Line 4
One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.
/wʌn fækt əˈloʊn wɪl ˈɪləstreɪt ðə proʊˈfaʊnd ˈɪɡnərəns ənd ðə pərˈplekst aɪˈdiːəz/
Line 5
The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of thethree estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

illustrate verb US /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading “One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.”

misconceived verb US /mɪskənˈsiːvd/

past form of “misconceive” — interpret in the wrong way

From this reading “No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.”

misrepresented adjective US /ˌmɪsreprɪˈzentɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading “No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.”

pique noun US /piːk/

tightly woven fabric with raised cords

From this reading “The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’”

polity noun US /ˈpɑːləti/

the form of government of a social organization

From this reading “The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’”

treatise noun US /ˈtriːtəs/

a formal exposition

From this reading “The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’”

uphold verb US /əpˈhoʊld/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading “The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’”

Whig noun US /wɪɡ/

a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories

From this reading “The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

CHAPTERnounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

CommonsnounUS /ˈkɑːmənz/

a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

connectionnounUS /kəˈnekʃən/

a relation between things or events (as in the case of one causing the other or sharing features with it)

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

ConstitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

constitutionaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl/

of benefit to or intended to benefit your physical makeup

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

deliveredverbUS /dɪˈlɪvərd/

past form of “deliver” — deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

elaborateadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæbrət/

marked by complexity and richness of detail

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

episodenounUS /ˈepəsoʊd/

a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

estatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

flourishedverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

LordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

misconceivedverbUS /mɪskənˈsiːvd/

past form of “misconceive” — interpret in the wrong way

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

misrepresentedadjectiveUS /ˌmɪsreprɪˈzentɪd/

having an intended meaning altered or misrepresented

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

perplexedadjectiveUS /pərˈplekst/

full of difficulty or confusion or bewilderment

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

piquenounUS /piːk/

tightly woven fabric with raised cords

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

politynounUS /ˈpɑːləti/

the form of government of a social organization

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

reputationnounUS /ˌrepjəˈteɪʃən/

the state of being held in high esteem and honor

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

sessionnounUS /ˈseʃən/

a meeting for execution of a group's functions

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

speechesnounUS /ˈspiːtʃəz/

plural of “speech” — the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There is this connection between the subjects--that the spirit of Whiggism is hostile to the English constitution.

topicnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪk/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

treatisenounUS /ˈtriːtəs/

a formal exposition

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

upholdverbUS /əpˈhoʊld/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

viz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

WhignounUS /wɪɡ/

a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

Whiggism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The English Constitution_ A CHAPTER on the English constitution is a natural episode on the spirit of Whiggism.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading One fact alone will illustrate the profound ignorance and the perplexed ideas.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The present Whig leader of the House of Commons, a member of a family who pique themselves on their constitutional reputation, an author who has even written an elaborate treatise on our polity, in one of his speeches, delivered only so late as the last session of Parliament, declared his desire and determination to uphold the present settlement of the ‘three estates of the realm, viz.--King, Lords, and Commons.’

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading No political institutions ever yet flourished which have been more the topic of discussion among writers of all countries and all parties than our famous establishment of ‘King, Lords, and Commons;’ and no institutions ever yet flourished, of which the character has been more misrepresented and more misconceived.

Chapter 23 of Sketches by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli holds 64 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Sketches contain?

Chapter 23 holds 64 sentences of Sketches, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Sketches by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 64 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Sketches?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sketches

Common questions about reading Sketches by Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield Disraeli on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sketches?

Yes. All 1970 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19781 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19781, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sketches take to read?

About 164 minutes of reading across 394 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sketches section by section

How to work through Sketches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Sketches to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Although
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Deepest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shades
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Twilight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.