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Smoking flax
Smoking flax

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Smoking flax is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.
Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.
Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.
He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.
He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Smoking flax

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Smoking flax is here in full — 44 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.
Line 2
Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.
Line 3
Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.
Line 4
He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.
/hiː lɔːŋd tuː oʊn ə sʊˈpɜːrb ˈlaɪbreriː ə kəˈlekʃən ʌv bʊks ɡreɪt boʊθ ɪn ˈnʌmbər ənd ˈkwɑːləti ənd ˈfɜːrðərmɔːr hiː ˈwɔːntɪd tuː kəmˈpliːt hɪz ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən baɪ ˈtrævəl əˈbrɔːd ˈfɑːloʊd baɪ ə jɪr ɔːr tuː ʌv ˈsɪriəs riˈsɜːrtʃ ɪn ðə saʊθ/
Line 5
He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abhorrence noun US /əbˈhɔːrəns/

hate coupled with disgust

From this reading “Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.”

constitutional adjective US /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl/

of benefit to or intended to benefit your physical makeup

From this reading “Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.”

graduated adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading “In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.”

mated adjective US /ˈmeɪtɪd/

mated sexually

From this reading “He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.”

Princeton noun US /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

From this reading “In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.”

professions noun US /prəˈfeʃənz/

plural of “profession” — the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading “Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.”

stylish adjective US /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/

having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress

From this reading “Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.”

sumptuous adjective US /ˈsʌmptʃwəs/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading “Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

entirely dependent adverb + adjective

In this reading “Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.”

financial condition adjective + noun

the condition of (corporate or personal) finances

In this reading “Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.”

travel abroad verb + particle

In this reading “He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.”

well nigh adverb + adjective

In this reading “Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.”

learned professions adjective + noun counted as “learned profession”

one of the three professions traditionally believed to require advanced learning and high principles

In this reading “Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.”

followed by verb + particle counted as “follow by”

In this reading “He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.”

small estate adjective + noun

In this reading “Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

abhorrencenounUS /əbˈhɔːrəns/

hate coupled with disgust

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

aspirationsnounUS /ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “aspiration” — a will to succeed

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

bric-à-brac

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

ConsideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

constitutionaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl/

of benefit to or intended to benefit your physical makeup

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

cravingnounUS /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

an intense desire for some particular thing

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

dreamsnounUS /driːmz/

plural of “dream” — a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

elegancies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

Elliott

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

equipages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

exhaustedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/

drained of energy or effectiveness; extremely tired; completely exhausted

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

expensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspensɪv/

high in price or charging high prices

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

financialadjectiveUS /fəˈnænʃəl/

involving financial matters

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

furniturenounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

furthermoreadverbUS /ˈfɜːrðərmɔːr/

in addition

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

graduatedadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

half-interest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

HardingnounUS /ˈhɑːrdɪŋ/

29th President of the United States; two of his appointees were involved in the Teapot Dome scandal (1865-1823)

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

jointnounUS /dʒɔɪnt/

(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion)

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

KentuckynounUS /kənˈtʌki/

a state in east central United States; a border state during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

leaningadjectiveUS /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

longedverbUS /lɔːŋd/

past form of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

lovingadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvɪŋ/

feeling or showing love and affection

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

luxurynounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəri/

something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

matedadjectiveUS /ˈmeɪtɪd/

mated sexually

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

nighadjectiveUS /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

PrincetonnounUS /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

professionsnounUS /prəˈfeʃənz/

plural of “profession” — the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

pursenounUS /pɜːrs/

a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women)

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

pursuitsnounUS /pərˈsuːts/

plural of “pursuit” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

realizeverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

realizedadjectiveUS /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

researchnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

stylishadjectiveUS /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/

having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

sumptuousadjectiveUS /ˈsʌmptʃwəs/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

superbadjectiveUS /sʊˈpɜːrb/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

uncomfortableadjectiveUS /ənˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

conducive to or feeling mental discomfort

From this reading Considering that Elliott had a leaning towards the learned professions and political and social pursuits, added to a constitutional abhorrence of a business career, his financial condition was not altogether uncomfortable.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading He longed to own a superb library, a collection of books, great both in number and quality, and, furthermore, he wanted to complete his education by travel abroad, followed by a year or two of serious research in the South.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Her love of good living and luxury, her craving for such elegancies as sumptuous furniture, expensive bric-à-brac, and stylish equipages had well nigh exhausted her means, and she was now almost entirely dependent upon a half-interest in the small estate in Kentucky.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He realized how ill these aspirations mated with the pleasure loving habits of his mother and how impossible it would be for him to realize his dreams, so long as his purse remained the joint source of supply.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the same year that Elliott Harding was graduated from Princeton, he came into possession of his estate, which he at once began to share with his mother.

Chapter 4 of Smoking flax by Hallie Erminie Rives holds 44 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Smoking flax contain?

Chapter 4 holds 44 sentences of Smoking flax, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Smoking flax by Hallie Erminie Rives exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 44 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Smoking flax?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Smoking flax

Common questions about reading Smoking flax by Hallie Erminie Rives on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Smoking flax?

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Which edition of Smoking flax is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Smoking flax take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Smoking flax

Words and structures a reader meets early in Smoking flax, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Smoking flax, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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