Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Snowflakes and Sunbeams
Snowflakes and Sunbeams

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Snowflakes and Sunbeams is here in full — 79 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Snowflakes and Sunbeams
Context Illustration Reading 6/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating wavesalmost entirely devoid of shrub or treeto the base of the Rocky Mountains.
Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.
These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continentnorth, south, east, and west.
Their population generally amounts to eight or ten menseldom to thirty.
They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited deserttheir next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles offtheir occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indiansand the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Snowflakes and Sunbeams

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Snowflakes and Sunbeams is here in full — 79 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 6/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 26–30

Line 1
The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating wavesalmost entirely devoid of shrub or treeto the base of the Rocky Mountains.
Line 2
Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.
Line 3
These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continentnorth, south, east, and west.
Line 4
Their population generally amounts to eight or ten menseldom to thirty.
Line 5
They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited deserttheir next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles offtheir occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indiansand the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

badgers noun US /ˈbædʒərz/

plural of “badger” — a native or resident of Wisconsin

From this reading “They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.”

beavers noun US /ˈbiːvərz/

plural of “beaver” — the soft brown fur of the beaver

From this reading “They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.”

establishments noun US /eˈstæblɪʃmənts/

plural of “establishment” — the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading “Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.”

furry adjective US /ˈfɜːri/

covered with a dense coat of fine silky hairs

From this reading “They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.”

Hudson's noun US /ˈhʌdsənz/

possessive form of “hudson” — a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century

martens noun US /ˈmɑːrtənz/

plural of “marten” — agile slender-bodied arboreal mustelids somewhat larger than weasels

From this reading “They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.”

shrub noun US /ʃrʌb/

a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading “The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.”

uninhabited adjective US /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbətɪd/

not having inhabitants; not lived in

From this reading “They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

amountsnounUS /əˈmaʊnts/

plural of “amount” — a quantity of money

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

badgersnounUS /ˈbædʒərz/

plural of “badger” — a native or resident of Wisconsin

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

bandsnounUS /bændz/

plural of “band” — an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

BaynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

beaversnounUS /ˈbiːvərz/

plural of “beaver” — the soft brown fur of the beaver

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

buffaloes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

civilisedadjective

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

clothedadjectiveUS /kloʊðd/

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

continentnounUS /ˈkɑːntənənt/

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

devoidadjectiveUS /dɪˈvɔɪd/

completely wanting or lacking

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

dwellingsnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋz/

plural of “dwelling” — housing that someone is living in

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

establishmentsnounUS /eˈstæblɪʃmənts/

plural of “establishment” — the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

foxesnounUS /ˈfɑːksəz/

plural of “fox” — alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

FurnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

furryadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːri/

covered with a dense coat of fine silky hairs

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

hidesnounUS /haɪdz/

plural of “hide” — the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

Hudson'snounUS /ˈhʌdsənz/

possessive form of “hudson” — a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

martensnounUS /ˈmɑːrtənz/

plural of “marten” — agile slender-bodied arboreal mustelids somewhat larger than weasels

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

neighboursnounUS /ˈneɪbərz/

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

paradisenounUS /ˈperədaɪs/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

plantedadjectiveUS /ˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

populousadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələs/

densely populated

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

prairiesnounUS /ˈpreɪriz/

plural of “prairie” — a treeless grassy plain

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

precinctsnounUS /ˈpriːsɪŋkts/

plural of “precinct” — a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

refinedadjectiveUS /rəˈfaɪnd/

(used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

RockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

savageadjectiveUS /ˈsævədʒ/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

settlementnounUS /ˈsetəlmənt/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

shrubnounUS /ʃrʌb/

a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Their population generally amounts to eight or ten men—seldom to thirty.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

tradernounUS /ˈtreɪdər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

undulatingverbUS /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

uninhabitedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbətɪd/

not having inhabitants; not lived in

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

visitorsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtərz/

plural of “visitor” — someone who visits

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading These lonely dwellings of the trader are scattered far and wide over the whole continent—north, south, east, and west.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The banks were clothed with fine trees; and immediately behind the settlement lay the great prairies, which extended in undulating waves—almost entirely devoid of shrub or tree—to the base of the Rocky Mountains.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

wolvesnounUS /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading They are planted in the thick of an uninhabited desert—their next neighbours being from two to five hundred miles off—their occasional visitors, bands of wandering Indians—and the sole object of their existence being to trade the furry hides of foxes, martens, beavers, badgers, bears, buffaloes, and wolves.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Although far removed from the civilised world, and containing within its precincts much that is savage and very little that is refined, Red River is quite a populous paradise, as compared with the desolate, solitary establishments of the Hudson’s Bay Fur Company.

Chapter 1 of Snowflakes and Sunbeams by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne holds 79 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Snowflakes and Sunbeams contain?

Chapter 1 holds 79 sentences of Snowflakes and Sunbeams, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Snowflakes and Sunbeams by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 79 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Snowflakes and Sunbeams?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Snowflakes and Sunbeams

Common questions about reading Snowflakes and Sunbeams by R. M. (Robert Michael) Ballantyne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Snowflakes and Sunbeams?

Yes. All 4540 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6357 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Snowflakes and Sunbeams is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6357, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Snowflakes and Sunbeams take to read?

About 378 minutes of reading across 908 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Snowflakes and Sunbeams section by section

How to work through Snowflakes and Sunbeams section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Snowflakes and Sunbeams to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Snowflakes and Sunbeams

Words and structures a reader meets early in Snowflakes and Sunbeams, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Course
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Snowflakes and Sunbeams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Curiously
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Snowflakes and Sunbeams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enough
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Snowflakes and Sunbeams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smooth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Snowflakes and Sunbeams; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.