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Society and solitude: Twelve chapters
Society and solitude: Twelve chapters

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Society and solitude: Twelve chapters is here in full — 487 sentences across 98 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/97 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.
Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.
The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.
The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.
Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.
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Society and solitude: Twelve chapters

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Society and solitude: Twelve chapters is here in full — 487 sentences across 98 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/97 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.
Line 2
Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.
Line 3
The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.
/ðə ˈkɑːlɪdʒ ʌv ˈkɑːrdənəlz wɜːr ərˈɪdʒənəli ðə ˈpærɪʃ priːsts ʌv roʊm/
Line 4
The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.
Line 5
Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

befall verb US /bɪˈfɔːl/

become of; happen to

From this reading “Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.”

Cardinals noun US /ˈkɑːrdənəlz/

plural of “cardinal” — (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading “The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.”

coronation noun US /ˌkɔːrəˈneɪʃən/

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

From this reading “Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.”

governments noun US /ˈɡʌvərmənts/

plural of “government” — the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading “It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.”

Heraldry noun US /ˈherəldri/

the study and classification of armorial bearings and the tracing of genealogies

From this reading “Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.”

necessities noun US /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading “It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.”

occurrences noun US /əˈkɜːrənsɪz/

plural of “occurrence” — an event that happens

From this reading “Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.”

originated verb US /ərˈɪdʒəneɪtəd/

past form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading “The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

parish priests noun + noun counted as “parish priest”

In this reading “The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.”

family pride noun + noun

In this reading “Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.”

for example preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.”

quite simple adverb + adjective

In this reading “It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.”

fine things adjective + noun

In this reading “It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

befallverbUS /bɪˈfɔːl/

become of; happen to

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

CardinalsnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəlz/

plural of “cardinal” — (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.

ceremoniesnounUS /ˈserəmoʊniz/

plural of “ceremony” — a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

civiladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

coronationnounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈneɪʃən/

the ceremony of installing a new monarch

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

dignifiedadjectiveUS /ˈdɪɡnəfaɪd/

having or expressing dignity; especially formality or stateliness in bearing or appearance

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

discords

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

dragoonverb

compel by coercion, threats, or crude means

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

etiquettenounUS /ˈetəkət/

rules governing socially acceptable behavior

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

footboy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

governmentsnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənts/

plural of “government” — the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

HeraldrynounUS /ˈherəldri/

the study and classification of armorial bearings and the tracing of genealogies

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

inducedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈduːst/

brought about or caused; not spontaneous

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

leaningadjectiveUS /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

localadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkəl/

relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

necessitiesnounUS /nəˈsesɪtiz/

plural of “necessity” — the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

noveltynounUS /ˈnɑːvəlti/

originality by virtue of being refreshingly novel

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

occurrencesnounUS /əˈkɜːrənsɪz/

plural of “occurrence” — an event that happens

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.

originatedverbUS /ərˈɪdʒəneɪtəd/

past form of “originate” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

repetitionnounUS /ˌrepəˈtɪʃən/

an event that repeats

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Heraldry, for example, and the ceremonies of a coronation, are a dignified repetition of the occurrences that might befall a dragoon and his footboy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Then it became a point of family pride,--and for more pride the novelty of a leaning tower was built.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The College of Cardinals were originally the parish priests of Rome.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The leaning towers originated from the civil discords which induced every lord to build a tower.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It would be easy to show of many fine things in the world,--in the customs of nations, the etiquette of courts, the constitution of governments,--the origin in quite simple local necessities.

Chapter 2 of Society and solitude: Twelve chapters by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 487 sentences, grouped into 98 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Society and solitude: Twelve chapters contain?

Chapter 2 holds 487 sentences of Society and solitude: Twelve chapters, unabridged, divided into 98 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Society and solitude: Twelve chapters by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 487 sentences, grouped into 98 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Society and solitude: Twelve chapters?

Work through the 98 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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