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Some Irish Yesterdays
Some Irish Yesterdays

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Some Irish Yesterdays is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Some Irish Yesterdays
Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.
All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.
About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.
After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.
It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Some Irish Yesterdays

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Some Irish Yesterdays is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.
Line 2
All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.
Line 3
About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.
/əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈlætər ˈklʌstərd ˈbætəlz ʌv ˈendləs vərˈaɪəti ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ ðə ˈseɪkrəd ˈpɜːrsən ʌv ðə kʊk ənd ˈfriːkwəntli tɑːpt æz wɪð ə ˈbænər baɪ hɜːr ˈɡɪvɪŋ ʌv ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 4
After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.
Line 5
It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

depots noun US /ˈdiːpoʊz/

plural of “depot” — station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods

From this reading “All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.”

exodus noun US /ˈeksədəs/

a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment

From this reading “After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.”

guile noun US /ɡaɪl/

shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception

From this reading “All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.”

involving verb US /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “involve” — connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading “About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.”

Median adjective US /ˈmiːdiən/

relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values)

From this reading “After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.”

necessitated verb US /nəˈsesəteɪtəd/

past form of “necessitate” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading “In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.”

replenished verb US /riˈplenɪʃt/

past form of “replenish” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading “After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.”

topped adjective US /tɑːpt/

having a top of a specified character

From this reading “About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

endless variety adjective + noun

In this reading “About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.”

sacred person adjective + noun

In this reading “About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.”

hold on verb + particle

hold firmly

In this reading “It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.”

All day adjective + noun

In this reading “All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

armfulnoun

the quantity that can be contained in the arms

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

ball-cock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

bannernounUS /ˈbænər/

long strip of cloth or paper used for decoration or advertising

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

bare-foot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

basketsnounUS /ˈbæskəts/

plural of “basket” — a container that is usually woven and has handles

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

battlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

boilernounUS /ˈbɔɪlər/

sealed vessel where water is converted to steam

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/

treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

charmnounUS /tʃɑːrm/

attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

clusteredadjectiveUS /ˈklʌstərd/

growing close together but not in dense mats

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

coalnounUS /koʊl/

fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

cookverbUS /kʊk/

prepare a hot meal

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

cooksnounUS /kʊks/

plural of “cook” — someone who cooks food

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

depotsnounUS /ˈdiːpoʊz/

plural of “depot” — station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

DublinnounUS /ˈdʌblɪn/

capital and largest city and major port of the Irish Republic

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

exodusnounUS /ˈeksədəs/

a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

fainadjectiveUS /feɪn/

having made preparations

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

fortnightnounUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪt/

a period of fourteen consecutive days

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

fuelverbUS /ˈfjuːəl/

provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

grievancenounUS /ˈɡriːvəns/

a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

guilenounUS /ɡaɪl/

shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

incredibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkredəbəl/

beyond belief or understanding

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

institutionnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/

an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

involvingverbUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlvɪŋ/

-ing form of “involve” — connect closely and often incriminatingly

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

lightlyadverbUS /ˈlaɪtli/

without good reason

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

linkedadjectiveUS /lɪŋkt/

connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

MedianadjectiveUS /ˈmiːdiən/

relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values)

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

mutinynounUS /ˈmjuːtəni/

open rebellion against constituted authority (especially by seamen or soldiers against their officers)

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

necessitatedverbUS /nəˈsesəteɪtəd/

past form of “necessitate” — require as useful, just, or proper

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

noveltynounUS /ˈnɑːvəlti/

originality by virtue of being refreshingly novel

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

oppressiveadjectiveUS /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

pliedverbUS /plaɪd/

inflected form of “ply” — give what is desired or needed, especially support, food or sustenance

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

replenishedverbUS /riˈplenɪʃt/

past form of “replenish” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

self-filling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

sods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

tanknounUS /tæŋk/

an enclosed armored military vehicle; has a cannon and moves on caterpillar treads

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

toppedadjectiveUS /tɑːpt/

having a top of a specified character

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

turfnounUS /tɜːrf/

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

turf-boy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

turf-boys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

turf-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

warfarenounUS /ˈwɔːrfer/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

warningnounUS /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/

a message informing of danger

From this reading About this latter clustered battles of endless variety, involving the sacred person of the cook, and frequently topped as with a banner by her giving of warning.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

water-carrier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In those days the turf-boy was an institution, oppressive, but necessitated by an establishment where coal had never been seen, and an armful of turf burned away in an hour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After long warfare it was lightly thought that the exodus of cooks might be stayed by the introduction of a self-filling boiler supplied from a small tank, which must, by Median and Persian law, be replenished every morning.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading All day they plied bare-foot between the turf-house and the various fuel depots of the house with baskets of the long, hard sods on their backs, and guile and mutiny in their hearts, because that with the office of turf-boy was linked the hated one of water-carrier.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It was done, and for an incredible fortnight the charm of novelty retained its hold on the turf-boys; the tank was filled, the ball-cock did its work like a book, and the Dublin cook was fain to seek another grievance.

Chapter 2 of Some Irish Yesterdays by E. Oe. (Edith Oenone) Somerville holds 354 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Some Irish Yesterdays contain?

Chapter 2 holds 354 sentences of Some Irish Yesterdays, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Some Irish Yesterdays by E. Oe. (Edith Oenone) Somerville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 354 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Some Irish Yesterdays?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Some Irish Yesterdays

Common questions about reading Some Irish Yesterdays by E. Oe. (Edith Oenone) Somerville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Some Irish Yesterdays?

Yes. All 1582 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53348 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Some Irish Yesterdays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53348, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Some Irish Yesterdays take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Some Irish Yesterdays section by section

How to work through Some Irish Yesterdays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Some Irish Yesterdays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Some Irish Yesterdays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Some Irish Yesterdays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Authors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Irish Yesterdays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charlotte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Irish Yesterdays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Experiences
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Irish Yesterdays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Irish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Irish Yesterdays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.