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Some Reflections Upon Marriage.
Some Reflections Upon Marriage.

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Some Reflections Upon Marriage. is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
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_BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.
Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.
A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.
A _Serious_ _PROPOSAL_ to the _LADIES_, Part II.
Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Some Reflections Upon Marriage.

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Some Reflections Upon Marriage. is here in full — 424 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.
Line 2
Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.
Line 3
A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.
/ə ˈtriːtəs ˈveri ˈnesəseri ɪn ðɪs dɪˈdʒenərət eɪdʒ tuː kənˈfɜːrm ðə ˈleɪdiz ɪn ðer rɪˈlɪdʒəs ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd tuː ˌɪnˈstrʌkt ðem ɪn wʌt ðeɪ ɔːt tuː bɪˈliːv ənd ˈpræktɪs ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː ðer ɪˈtɜːrnəl sælˈveɪʃən/
Line 4
A _Serious_ _PROPOSAL_ to the _LADIES_, Part II.
Line 5
Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confirm verb US /kənˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

degenerate noun US /dɪˈdʒenərət/

a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior

From this reading “A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.”

instruct verb US /ˌɪnˈstrʌkt/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading “A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.”

parker noun US /ˈpɑːrkər/

United States saxophonist and leader of the bop style of jazz (1920-1955)

practise verb US /ˈpræktɪs/

engage in a rehearsal

Shun verb US /ʃʌn/

avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

Treatise noun US /ˈtriːtəs/

a formal exposition

From this reading “A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.”

Vices noun US /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Eternal Salvation adjective + noun

In this reading “A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.”

Religious Principles adjective + noun counted as “religious principle”

In this reading “A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

AgenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

BehaviournounUS /bɪˈheɪvjər/

the action or reaction of something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

BOOKSnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

Church-Yard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

confirmverbUS /kənˈfɜːrm/

establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

degeneratenounUS /dɪˈdʒenərət/

a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

EternaladjectiveUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading A _Serious_ _PROPOSAL_ to the _LADIES_, Part II.

ImprovementnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənt/

a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

instructverbUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkt/

impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

King's-Head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

LadiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

MethodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

MindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

PARKERnounUS /ˈpɑːrkər/

United States saxophonist and leader of the bop style of jazz (1920-1955)

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

PartnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading A _Serious_ _PROPOSAL_ to the _LADIES_, Part II.

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

PracticenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

practiseverbUS /ˈpræktɪs/

engage in a rehearsal

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

PrinciplesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

PROPOSALnounUS /prəˈpoʊzəl/

something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

From this reading A _Serious_ _PROPOSAL_ to the _LADIES_, Part II.

ReligiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

SalvationnounUS /sælˈveɪʃən/

(theology) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

SeriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading A _Serious_ _PROPOSAL_ to the _LADIES_, Part II.

Shewing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

ShunverbUS /ʃʌn/

avoid and stay away from deliberately; stay clear of

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

TreatisenounUS /ˈtriːtəs/

a formal exposition

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

VicesnounUS /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

VirtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading A Treatise very necessary, in _this degenerate Age_, to _confirm_ the Ladies in their _Religious Principles_, and to instruct them in what they ought to _believe_ and _practise_, in order to their _Eternal Salvation_.

Wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wherein a Method is offered for the _Improvement_ of their _Minds_.

WILLIAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

WomennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Shewing, the due Behaviour of _Women_, the _Vices_ they ought to _Shun_, and the _Virtues_ they ought to _Practice_.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading _BOOKS_ _written by the same Author, and sold by_ _WILLIAM PARKER_, at the _King’s-Head_ in St. _Paul_’s Church-Yard.

Chapter 1 of Some Reflections Upon Marriage. by Mary Astell holds 424 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Some Reflections Upon Marriage. contain?

Chapter 1 holds 424 sentences of Some Reflections Upon Marriage., unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Some Reflections Upon Marriage. by Mary Astell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 424 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Some Reflections Upon Marriage.?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Some Reflections Upon Marriage.?

Yes. All 861 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61143 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Some Reflections Upon Marriage. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #61143, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 71 minutes of reading across 173 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Some Reflections Upon Marriage.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Some Reflections Upon Marriage., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Reflections Upon Marriage.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Written
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Reflections Upon Marriage.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Reflections Upon Marriage.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Reflections Upon Marriage.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.