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Some Roundabout Papers
Some Roundabout Papers

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Some Roundabout Papers is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
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T. N. FOULIS 1315 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.
Staytwenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.
An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.
She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Some Roundabout Papers

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Some Roundabout Papers is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
T. N. FOULIS 1315 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
Line 2
WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.
Line 3
Staytwenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.
Line 4
An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.
Line 5
She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

illustration noun US /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading “An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.”

incapacitated adjective US /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪtɪd/

lacking in or deprived of strength or power

From this reading “Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.”

Lazarus noun US /ˈlæzərəs/

the person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb; this miracle caused the enemies of Jesus to begin the plan to put him to death

From this reading “WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.”

metropolitan adjective US /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlətən/

relating to or characteristic of a metropolis

From this reading “WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.”

ninety adjective US /ˈnaɪnti/

being ten more than eighty

From this reading “WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.”

overworked verb US /ˌoʊvərˈwɜːrkt/

past form of “overwork” — use too much

From this reading “Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.”

palsy noun US /ˈpɔːlzi/

loss of the ability to move a body part

From this reading “Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.”

twenty-three noun US /ˈtwentiθriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-two and one

From this reading “Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

23

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

agreeverbUS /əˈɡriː/

be in accord; be in agreement

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

bed-fellow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

bed-fellows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

BEDFORD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

dismaladjectiveUS /ˈdɪzməl/

causing dejection

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

EDINBURGHnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

FOULIS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

FREDERICKnounUS /ˈfredrɪk/

a town in northern Maryland to the west of Baltimore

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

hop-picking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

illustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

incapacitatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪtɪd/

lacking in or deprived of strength or power

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

LazarusnounUS /ˈlæzərəs/

the person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb; this miracle caused the enemies of Jesus to begin the plan to put him to death

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

LONDONnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

metropolitanadjectiveUS /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlətən/

relating to or characteristic of a metropolis

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

ninetyadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnti/

being ten more than eighty

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

overworkedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈwɜːrkt/

past form of “overwork” — use too much

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

palsynounUS /ˈpɔːlzi/

loss of the ability to move a body part

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

proverbnounUS /ˈprɑːvərb/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

SaintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

shakingnounUS /ˈʃeɪkɪŋ/

the act of causing something to move up and down (or back and forth) with quick movements

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

StayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

STREETnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

tellsnounUS /telz/

plural of “tell” — a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

twenty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifaɪv/

being five more than twenty

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

twenty-threenounUS /ˈtwentiθriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-two and one

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading She herself can’t be a very pleasant bed-fellow, poor thing! with her shaking old limbs and cold feet.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading T. N. FOULIS 13–15 FREDERICK STREET EDINBURGH: & 23 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.

WEpronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Stay—twenty-three or four years ago, she came out once, and thought to earn a little money by hop-picking; but being overworked, and having to lie out at night, she got a palsy which has incapacitated her from all further labour, and has caused her poor old limbs to shake ever since.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading An illustration of that dismal proverb which tells us how poverty makes us acquainted with strange bed-fellows, this poor old shaking body has to lay herself down every night in her workhouse bed by the side of some other old woman with whom she may or may not agree.

workhouse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading WE have lately made the acquaintance of an old lady of ninety, who has passed the last twenty-five years of her old life in a great metropolitan establishment, the workhouse, namely, of the parish of Saint Lazarus.

Chapter 1 of Some Roundabout Papers by William Makepeace Thackeray holds 146 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Some Roundabout Papers contain?

Chapter 1 holds 146 sentences of Some Roundabout Papers, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Some Roundabout Papers by William Makepeace Thackeray exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 146 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Is this the complete text of Some Roundabout Papers?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #1462, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Some Roundabout Papers take to read?

About 37 minutes of reading across 90 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Some Roundabout Papers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Some Roundabout Papers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Foulis
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Roundabout Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frederick
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Roundabout Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Roundabout Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Some Roundabout Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.