Chapter 1 of Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns is here in full — 310 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter I
Chapter 1 of Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns is here in full — 310 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=. There is only one Footnote in this book. It has been moved to the end of the Introduction. Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
Chapter 1 of Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns is here in full — 310 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
plural of “contraction” — (physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)
From this reading “Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.”
past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of
From this reading “Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.”
a printed note placed below the text on a printed page
From this reading “There is only one Footnote in this book.”
the act of beginning something new
From this reading “It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.”
a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right
From this reading “Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.”
plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)
From this reading “Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.”
the words of something written
From this reading “Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.”
plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
the past participle of “be”
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
fearless and daring
From this reading Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)
From this reading There is only one Footnote in this book.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
plural of “contraction” — (physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of
From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
either extremity of something that has length
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
be identical or equivalent to
From this reading Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
a printed note placed below the text on a printed page
From this reading There is only one Footnote in this book.
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading There is only one Footnote in this book.
the act of beginning something new
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right
From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
not any; not one
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading There is only one Footnote in this book.
and nothing more
From this reading There is only one Footnote in this book.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)
From this reading Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
the unlimited expanse in which everything is located
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
the words of something written
From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
in or at that place or location
From this reading There is only one Footnote in this book.
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading There is only one Footnote in this book.
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading It has been moved to the end of the Introduction.
plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)
From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
in the company of; together with
From this reading Contractions with ’s (is or was) and those with ’t (it) sometimes had a half-space, sometimes no space, in the original text.
Chapter 1 of Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns by Robert Burns holds 310 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 1 holds 310 sentences of Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns, unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 1 of Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns by Robert Burns exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 310 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns by Robert Burns on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 0 chapters of Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Songs and lyrics of Robert Burns, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
