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Sónnica
Sónnica

Chapter VII

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Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.
The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.
The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.
Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.
The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sónnica

Chapter VII

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.
Line 2
The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.
Line 3
The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.
Line 4
Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.
Line 5
The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.”

Between preposition US /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading “The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.”

Camp noun US /camp/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.”

Order noun US /order/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.”

Replied noun US /replied/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.”

Shooting noun US /ˈshooting/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

arrow-shots

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

aside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

Bands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

besieged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

besiegers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

camp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

cavalry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

chopped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

cleared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

country-houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

denuded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

destruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

domain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

exchange

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

exercise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

ferocious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

finished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

foraging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

further

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

gave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

groves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

Hannibal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

hostilities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

immense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

longer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

mornings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

multitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

non-combatant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

ordernounUS /order/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

overran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

repliednounUS /replied/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

respite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

roofs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

sacking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

SAGUNTUM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

shootingnounUS /ˈshooting/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

slingers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

spaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

supply

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

tiled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

towers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

tribes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

villas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

wall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

WALLS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

watching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The besiegers remained non-combatant in their camp, watching Saguntum from afar.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The slingers came out in the mornings to exercise their arms by shooting against the wall, but aside from this, and from the arrow-shots with which they replied from the city, there was no further exchange of hostilities between the besiegers and the besieged.

wood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The groves were cleared away; each day they chopped down new trees in order to supply the camp with wood, and in these denuded spaces the tiled roofs and towers could no longer be seen.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bands of cavalry overran the domain foraging, and the immense multitude of ferocious tribes finished the work of destruction, sacking the villas and country-houses.

wounding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WALLS OF SAGUNTUM The wounding of Hannibal gave the city some days of respite.