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Sónnica
Sónnica

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Sónnica is here in full — 295 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.
He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.
She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.
Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.
Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sónnica

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Sónnica is here in full — 295 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.
Line 2
He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.
Line 3
She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.
/ʃiː wɔːkt əbˈzɔːrbd wɪð baʊd hed ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs ʌv hɜːr sərˈaʊndɪŋz ənd ɪn hɜːr ˈtæŋɡəld her wɜːr ˈlɪtəl ˈfeɪdəd ˈflaʊərz wɪtʃ æt ˈevəri step drɑːpt ðer ˈwɪðərd ˈpetəlz/
Line 4
Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.
/hɜːr tɔːrn ənd ˈdɜːrti ˈtuːnɪk ɡeɪv ˈɡlɪmpsɪz ʌv hɜːr ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd ˈbɑːdi wɪtʃ stɪl prəˈzɜːrvd ðə ɡreɪs ənd ˈfreʃnəs ədˈmaɪərd baɪ ðə ɡriːk/
Line 5
Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.
/hɜːr brests hæd dɪˈveləpt ˈsʌmˈwʌt æz ɪf peɪn hæd məˈtjʊrd hɜːr ˈfɪɡjər hɜːr aɪz ˌdaɪˈleɪtɪd baɪ dɪˈmenʃiə siːmd tuː fɪl hɜːr hoʊl feɪs ˈʃedɪŋ ə mɪˈstɪriəs laɪt əˈbaʊt hɜːr æn ˈɑːrioʊl ʌv ˈfiːvər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aureole noun US /ˈɑːrioʊl/

the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; visible as a white halo during a solar eclipse

From this reading “Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.”

dementia noun US /dɪˈmenʃiə/

mental deterioration of organic or functional origin

From this reading “Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.”

dilated verb US /ˌdaɪˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “dilate” — become wider

From this reading “Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.”

emaciated adjective US /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading “Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.”

matured adjective US /məˈtjʊrd/

fully ripe; at the height of bloom

From this reading “Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.”

ramparts noun US /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.”

shedding noun US /ˈʃedɪŋ/

the process whereby something is shed

From this reading “Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.”

tunic noun US /ˈtuːnɪk/

an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue

From this reading “Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tangled hair adjective + noun

In this reading “She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.”

upper part adjective + noun

In this reading “THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.”

LAST NIGHT adjective + noun

In this reading “THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.”

faded flowers adjective + noun counted as “faded flower”

In this reading “She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.”

changes wrought verb + adjective counted as “change wrought”

In this reading “He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.”

bowed head adjective + noun

In this reading “She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.”

on the walls preposition + article + noun counted as “on … wall”

In this reading “THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.”

in the afternoon preposition + article + noun counted as “in … afternoon”

In this reading “THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

absorbedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɔːrbd/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

Actæon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

admiredadjectiveUS /ədˈmaɪərd/

regarded with admiration

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

aureolenounUS /ˈɑːrioʊl/

the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; visible as a white halo during a solar eclipse

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

bowedadjectiveUS /baʊd/

of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

breastsnounUS /brests/

plural of “breast” — the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

defendersnounUS /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

dementianounUS /dɪˈmenʃiə/

mental deterioration of organic or functional origin

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

developedadjectiveUS /dɪˈveləpt/

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

dilatedverbUS /ˌdaɪˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “dilate” — become wider

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

emaciatedadjectiveUS /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

fevernounUS /ˈfiːvər/

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

FightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

fillverbUS /fɪl/

make full, also in a metaphorical sense

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

freshnessnounUS /ˈfreʃnəs/

the property of being pure and fresh (as if newly made); not stale or deteriorated

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

glimpsesnounUS /ˈɡlɪmpsɪz/

plural of “glimpse” — a quick look

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

gracenounUS /ɡreɪs/

(Christian theology) a state of sanctification by God; the state of one who is under such divine influence

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

maturedadjectiveUS /məˈtjʊrd/

fully ripe; at the height of bloom

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

NIGHTnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

petalsnounUS /ˈpetəlz/

plural of “petal” — part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

rampartsnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

Rhanto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

Saguntum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

sheddingnounUS /ˈʃedɪŋ/

the process whereby something is shed

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

shepherdessnoun

a woman shepherd

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

sufferingsnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋz/

plural of “suffering” — a state of acute pain

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

tangledadjectiveUS /ˈtæŋɡəld/

in a confused mass

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

tornadjectiveUS /tɔːrn/

having edges that are jagged from injury

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

tunicnounUS /ˈtuːnɪk/

an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue

From this reading Her torn and dirty tunic gave glimpses of her emaciated body, which still preserved the grace and freshness admired by the Greek.

unconsciousadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/

not conscious; lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Her breasts had developed somewhat, as if pain had matured her figure; her eyes dilated by dementia, seemed to fill her whole face, shedding a mysterious light about her, an aureole of fever.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE LAST NIGHT Fighting on the walls with the defenders of the upper part of the city late in the afternoon Actæon saw Rhanto coming down a street near the ramparts.

witheredadjectiveUS /ˈwɪðərd/

lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

From this reading She walked absorbed, with bowed head, unconscious of her surroundings, and in her tangled hair were little faded flowers which at every step dropped their withered petals.

wroughtadjectiveUS /rɔːt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading He had not seen the shepherdess since his return to Saguntum, and now he noticed the changes wrought by the sufferings of the siege, and by the grief which was breaking her reason.

Chapter 10 of Sónnica by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez holds 295 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Sónnica contain?

Chapter 10 holds 295 sentences of Sónnica, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Sónnica by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 295 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Sónnica?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sónnica

Common questions about reading Sónnica by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sónnica?

Yes. All 4079 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31821 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sónnica is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31821, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sónnica take to read?

About 339 minutes of reading across 816 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sónnica section by section

How to work through Sónnica section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Sónnica to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sónnica

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sónnica, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sónnica; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sónnica; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Frances
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sónnica; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Douglas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sónnica; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.