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Sons and Fathers
Sons and Fathers

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Sons and Fathers is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
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GATHERING THE CLEWS.
Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.
He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.
He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.
He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sons and Fathers

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Sons and Fathers is here in full — 124 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GATHERING THE CLEWS.
/ˈɡæðərɪŋ ðə kluːz/
Line 2
Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.
/ˈedwərd ˈdrɪftəd fɔːr ˈsevrəl deɪz əˈpɑːn ðə taɪd ʌv ðə θɔːts ðæt keɪm ˈoʊvər hɪm/
Line 3
He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.
/hiː felt ə ˈsɪŋɡjələr dɪsɪnkləˈneɪʃən tuː feɪs ðə wɜːrld əˈɡen/
Line 4
He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.
/hiː nuː ðæt æz laɪf ɡoʊz hiː hæd əˈkwɪtɪd hɪmˈself ˈmænfəli ənd ðæt ˈnʌθɪŋ rɪˈmeɪnd ənˈdʌn ðæt hæd bɪn hɪz ˈduːti tuː pərˈfɔːrm/
Line 5
He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.
/hiː wɑːz ˈsensəbəl ʌv ə ˈfiːlɪŋ ʌv diːp ˈɡrætətuːd tuː ðə oʊld ˈdʒenərəl fɔːr hɪz ˈæktɪv ənd ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl ˈbækɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ɪt hiː ˈriːəlaɪzd ðen ðæt hiː wʊd hæv bɪn drɔːn ˈɪntuː ə ˈpɪtfɔːl ənd ðə ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti fɔːr dɪˈfens ɡɔːn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquitted adjective US /əˈkwɪtɪd/

declared not guilty of a specific offense or crime; legally blameless

From this reading “He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.”

backing noun US /ˈbækɪŋ/

the act of providing approval and support

From this reading “He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.”

clews noun US /kluːz/

the cords used to suspend a hammock

From this reading “GATHERING THE CLEWS.”

disinclination noun US /dɪsɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

that toward which you are inclined to feel dislike

From this reading “He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.”

invaluable adjective US /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/

having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

From this reading “He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.”

manfully adverb US /ˈmænfəli/

in a manful manner; with qualities thought to befit a man

From this reading “He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.”

pitfall noun US /ˈpɪtfɔːl/

an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty

From this reading “He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.”

undone adjective US /ənˈdʌn/

not done

From this reading “He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

several days adjective + noun

In this reading “Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.”

deep gratitude adjective + noun

In this reading “He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.”

came over verb + particle counted as “come over”

communicate the intended meaning or impression

In this reading “Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

acquittedadjectiveUS /əˈkwɪtɪd/

declared not guilty of a specific offense or crime; legally blameless

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

backingnounUS /ˈbækɪŋ/

the act of providing approval and support

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

CLEWSnounUS /kluːz/

the cords used to suspend a hammock

From this reading GATHERING THE CLEWS.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

defensenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

disinclinationnounUS /dɪsɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

that toward which you are inclined to feel dislike

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

driftedverbUS /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

GATHERINGnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading GATHERING THE CLEWS.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

gratitudenounUS /ˈɡrætətuːd/

a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

invaluableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl/

having incalculable monetary, intellectual, or spiritual worth

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

manfullyadverbUS /ˈmænfəli/

in a manful manner; with qualities thought to befit a man

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

performverbUS /pərˈfɔːrm/

carry out or perform an action

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

pitfallnounUS /ˈpɪtfɔːl/

an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

realizedadjectiveUS /ˈriːəlaɪzd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

sensibleadjectiveUS /ˈsensəbəl/

showing reason or sound judgment

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

singularadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

unusual or striking

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GATHERING THE CLEWS.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

undoneadjectiveUS /ənˈdʌn/

not done

From this reading He knew that as life goes he had acquitted himself manfully and that nothing remained undone that had been his duty to perform.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Edward drifted for several days upon the tide of the thoughts that came over him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He felt a singular disinclination to face the world again.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He was sensible of a feeling of deep gratitude to the old general for his active and invaluable backing; without it he realized then that he would have been drawn into a pitfall and the opportunity for defense gone.

Chapter 18 of Sons and Fathers by Harry Stillwell Edwards holds 124 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Sons and Fathers contain?

Chapter 18 holds 124 sentences of Sons and Fathers, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Sons and Fathers by Harry Stillwell Edwards exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 124 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Sons and Fathers?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sons and Fathers

Common questions about reading Sons and Fathers by Harry Stillwell Edwards on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sons and Fathers?

Yes. All 8769 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36112 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sons and Fathers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36112, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sons and Fathers take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1754 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Sons and Fathers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sons and Fathers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-prize
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicago
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Record's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.