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Sons and Fathers
Sons and Fathers

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Sons and Fathers is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MAN WITH THE TORCH.
The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.
She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.
She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.
The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sons and Fathers

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Sons and Fathers is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MAN WITH THE TORCH.
/ðə mæn wɪð ðə tɔːrtʃ/
Line 2
The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.
/ðə ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ nuːz hæd bɪn dɪˈskʌst ɪn ɔːl ɪts ˈfeɪzəz ɪn ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈpɑːrlər ˈmeri ˈteɪkɪŋ noʊ pɑːrt/
Line 3
She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.
Line 4
She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.
/ʃiː dɪd nɑːt noʊ ðæt ðə ˈpeɪpər kənˈteɪnd ə ˈrefərəns tuː hɜːr/
Line 5
The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.
/ðə əˈstaʊndɪŋ ˌrevəˈleɪʃən əˈsaɪd frʌm ðə ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən wɑːz ðə waʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accusation noun US /ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən/

a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading “The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.”

anon adverb US /ˌæˈnɔːn/

at another time

From this reading “She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.”

astounding adjective US /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

From this reading “The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.”

averted verb US /əˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “avert” — prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening

From this reading “She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.”

Edward's noun US /ˈedwərdz/

possessive form of “edward” — King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading “She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.”

phases noun US /ˈfeɪzəz/

plural of “phase” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading “The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.”

revelation noun US /ˌrevəˈleɪʃən/

the speech act of making something evident

From this reading “The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.”

torch noun US /tɔːrtʃ/

a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading “THE MAN WITH THE TORCH.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

startling news adjective + noun

In this reading “The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.”

averted face verb + noun counted as “avert face”

In this reading “She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.”

looked at verb + particle counted as “look at”

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.”

little parlor adjective + noun

In this reading “The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

accusationnounUS /ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən/

a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

anonadverbUS /ˌæˈnɔːn/

at another time

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.

astoundingadjectiveUS /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

From this reading The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

avertedverbUS /əˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “avert” — prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

discussedverbUS /dɪˈskʌst/

past form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

Edward'snounUS /ˈedwərdz/

possessive form of “edward” — King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

indignationnounUS /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

a feeling of righteous anger

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

listeningnounUS /ˈlɪsənɪŋ/

the act of hearing attentively

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

MANnounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading THE MAN WITH THE TORCH.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

parlornounUS /ˈpɑːrlər/

reception room in an inn or club where visitors can be received

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

phasesnounUS /ˈfeɪzəz/

plural of “phase” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

revelationnounUS /ˌrevəˈleɪʃən/

the speech act of making something evident

From this reading The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

startlingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtlɪŋ/

so remarkably different or sudden as to cause momentary shock or alarm

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading The startling news had been discussed in all its phases in the little parlor, Mary taking no part.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MAN WITH THE TORCH.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She did not know that the paper contained a reference to her.

TORCHnounUS /tɔːrtʃ/

a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading THE MAN WITH THE TORCH.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

unrestrainable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading She sat with averted face listening, but ever and anon when Edward's indignation became unrestrainable she turned and looked at him.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE MAN WITH THE TORCH.

woundnounUS /waʊnd/

an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)

From this reading The astounding revelation, aside from the accusation, was the wound.

Chapter 31 of Sons and Fathers by Harry Stillwell Edwards holds 176 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Sons and Fathers contain?

Chapter 31 holds 176 sentences of Sons and Fathers, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Sons and Fathers by Harry Stillwell Edwards exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 176 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Sons and Fathers?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sons and Fathers

Common questions about reading Sons and Fathers by Harry Stillwell Edwards on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sons and Fathers?

Yes. All 8769 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36112 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sons and Fathers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36112, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sons and Fathers take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1754 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sons and Fathers section by section

How to work through Sons and Fathers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sons and Fathers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sons and Fathers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First-prize
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chicago
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Record's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sons and Fathers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.