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Sons and Lovers
Sons and Lovers

Chapter I

Cover illustration for Sons and Lovers
Context Illustration Reading 1/161 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.
Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.
There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.
The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.
And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sons and Lovers

Chapter I

Reading 1/161 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.
Line 2
Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.
Line 3
There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.
Line 4
The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.
Line 5
And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.”

Stood noun US /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.”

Whose determiner US /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

alder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

ants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

block

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

Bottoms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.

brook

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

brookside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

bulging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

burrowing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

Charles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

circle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

coal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

colliers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

corn-fields

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

cottages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

countryside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

donkeys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

drawn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

earth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

few

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

fields

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

gin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

gin-pits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

Greenhill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

Hell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.

II

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

Lane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

making

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

meadows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

mines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

mounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

pits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

places

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

plodded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

queer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

ran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

round

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

Row

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

scarcely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

small

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

soiled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

stoodnounUS /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

succeeded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.

surface

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

thatched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “The Bottoms” succeeded to “Hell Row”.

trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Hell Row was a block of thatched, bulging cottages that stood by the brookside on Greenhill Lane.

wearily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And all over the countryside were these same pits, some of which had been worked in the time of Charles II., the few colliers and the donkeys burrowing down like ants into the earth, making queer mounds and little black places among the corn-fields and the meadows.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The brook ran under the alder trees, scarcely soiled by these small mines, whose coal was drawn to the surface by donkeys that plodded wearily in a circle round a gin.

worked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There lived the colliers who worked in the little gin-pits two fields away.