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Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel
Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel is here in full — 4936 sentences across 988 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/987 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.
It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.
Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.
Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.
In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel is here in full — 4936 sentences across 988 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/987 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.
Line 2
It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.
Line 3
Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.
Line 4
Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.
Line 5
In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allocating verb US /ˈæləkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “allocate” — distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose

From this reading “In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.”

Conditioned adjective US /kənˈdɪʃənd/

established by conditioning or learning

From this reading “Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.”

defensible adjective US /dɪˈfensəbəl/

capable of being defended

From this reading “In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.”

divides noun US /dɪˈvaɪdz/

plural of “divide” — a serious disagreement between two groups of people (typically producing tension or hostility)

From this reading “Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.”

dynasties noun US /ˈdaɪnəstiz/

plural of “dynasty” — a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

From this reading “KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.”

fortifications noun US /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading “In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.”

pear noun US /per/

sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties

From this reading “Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.”

reunited verb US /ˌriːuːˈnaɪtɪd/

past form of “reunite” — have a reunion; unite again

From this reading “Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

due east adjective + noun

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

In this reading “It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.”

thousand years noun + noun

In this reading “KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.”

ancient city adjective + noun

In this reading “KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.”

broad valley adjective + noun

In this reading “It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.”

meet again verb + particle

In this reading “Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.”

old days adjective + noun

In this reading “In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.”

divides into verb + particle counted as “divide into”

In this reading “Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.”

lies in verb + particle counted as “lie in”

originate (in)

In this reading “It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.”

All words in this reading · 125

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

allocatingverbUS /ˈæləkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “allocate” — distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

bendverbUS /bend/

form a curve

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

channelsnounUS /ˈtʃænəlz/

official routes of communication

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

circularadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

having the shape or form of a circle

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

claspedverbUS /klæspt/

past form of “clasp” — hold firmly and tightly

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

ConditionedadjectiveUS /kənˈdɪʃənd/

established by conditioning or learning

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

curvesnounUS /kɜːrvz/

plural of “curve” — the trace of a point whose direction of motion changes

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

defensibleadjectiveUS /dɪˈfensəbəl/

capable of being defended

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

destroyingverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “destroy” — do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

dividesnounUS /dɪˈvaɪdz/

plural of “divide” — a serious disagreement between two groups of people (typically producing tension or hostility)

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

dynastiesnounUS /ˈdaɪnəstiz/

plural of “dynasty” — a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

embraceverbUS /emˈbreɪs/

include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

gradualadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəl/

proceeding in small stages

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

ImmediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

KINGnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

Krath

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

KRAVONIA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

NAME-DAY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

obviouslyadverbUS /ˈɑːbviəsli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

out-of-dateadjective

old; no longer valid or fashionable

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

pearnounUS /per/

sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

pear-shapedadjective

having a round shape tapered at one end

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

reapproaching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

reunitedverbUS /ˌriːuːˈnaɪtɪd/

past form of “reunite” — have a reunion; unite again

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

secondlyadverbUS /ˈsekəndli/

in the second place

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

Slavna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

stalkverbUS /stɔːk/

walk stiffly

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Immediately above the city the river divides into two branches, known as the North and the South rivers; Slavna is clasped in the embrace of these channels.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading In old days the position was a strong one; nowadays it is obviously much less defensible; and those in power had recognized this fact in two ways--first by allocating money for a new and scientific system of fortifications; secondly by destroying almost entirely the ancient and out-of-date walls which had once been the protection of the city.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Conditioned by their course, its form is not circular, but pear-shaped, for they bend out in gradual broad curves to their greatest distance from one another, reapproaching quickly after that point is passed till they meet again at the end--or, rather, what was originally the end--of the city to the east; the single reunited river may stand for the stalk of the pear.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It lies in the broad valley of the Krath, which at this point flows due east.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading KRAVONIA I THE NAME-DAY OF THE KING The ancient city of Slavna, for a thousand years or more and under many dynasties the capital of Kravonia, is an island set in a plain.

Chapter 4 of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel by Anthony Hope holds 4936 sentences, grouped into 988 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel contain?

Chapter 4 holds 4936 sentences of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 988 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel by Anthony Hope exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 4936 sentences, grouped into 988 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel?

Work through the 988 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 988 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel

Common questions about reading Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel by Anthony Hope on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel?

Yes. All 6451 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40414 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40414, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel take to read?

About 537 minutes of reading across 1291 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prisoner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Zenda
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intrusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sophy of Kravonia: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.