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Southern Lights and Shadows
Southern Lights and Shadows

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Southern Lights and Shadows is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.
A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.
The more commonplace these facts the better they seemed to like them.
Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.
In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Southern Lights and Shadows

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Southern Lights and Shadows is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.
Line 2
A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.
/ə ˈpiːpəl huː ʌp tuː ðæt taɪm hæd bɪn soʊ roʊˈmæntɪk ðæt ðeɪ wɪʃt tuː ˈnætʃərəlaɪz əˈmʌŋ ðemˈselvz ðə aɪˈdiːlz ənd ˈjuːsədʒəz ʌv ðə ˈwɔːltər skɑːt ˈeɪdʒəz ʌv ˈʃɪvəlri ˈsʌdənli drɑːpt ɔːl ðæt ənd ɪn ðer sɜːrtʃ fɔːr ˈlɪtəreri məˈtɪriəl kʊd əˈperəntli faɪnd ˈnʌθɪŋ soʊ ɡʊd æz ðə fækts ʌv ðer ˈneɪtɪv laɪf/
Line 3
The morecommonplacethese facts the better they seemed to like them.
/ðə mɔːr ˈkɑːmənpleɪs ðiːz fækts ðə ˈbetər ðeɪ siːmd tuː laɪk ðem/
Line 4
Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.
Line 5
In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.
/ɪn ðɪs strɔːŋ feɪθ wɪtʃ niːd nɑːt hæv bɪn ə ˈkɑːnʃəs kriːd ðə ˈraɪtərz ʌv ðə nuː saʊθ hæv ˈɡɪvən ðə wɜːrld ˈsketʃəz ənd ˈstʌdiz ənd ˈpɔːrtrəts ʌv ðə ˈpɜːrsənz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz ʌv ðer pəˈkjuːljər ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən wɪtʃ ðə ˈrʌʃənz ðemˈselvz hæv nɑːt ɪkˈseld ɪn ˈɑːnəsti ənd ˈhɑːrdli ɪn sɪmˈplɪsəti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Edited adjective US /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading “Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.”

excelled verb US /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading “In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.”

humorists noun US /ˈhjuːmərɪsts/

plural of “humorist” — someone who acts speaks or writes in an amusing way

From this reading “Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.”

mountaineers noun US /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz/

plural of “mountaineer” — someone who climbs mountains

From this reading “Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.”

naturalize verb US /ˈnætʃərəlaɪz/

make into a citizen

From this reading “A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.”

noticeable adjective US /ˈnoʊtəsəbəl/

capable or worthy of being noticed

From this reading “Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.”

realism noun US /ˈriːəlɪzəm/

the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth

From this reading “Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.”

usages noun US /ˈjuːsədʒəz/

plural of “usage” — the act of using

From this reading “A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

Alden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

apparentlyadverbUS /əˈperəntli/

from appearances alone

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The more “commonplace” these facts the better they seemed to like them.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

chivalrynounUS /ˈʃɪvəlri/

courtesy towards women

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

commonplaceadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

completely ordinary and unremarkable

From this reading The more “commonplace” these facts the better they seemed to like them.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

creednounUS /kriːd/

any system of principles or beliefs

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

DeannounUS /diːn/

an administrator in charge of a division of a university or college

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

EditedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

EvidentlyadverbUS /ˈevədəntli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

excelledverbUS /ɪkˈseld/

inflected form of “excel” — distinguish oneself

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

extraordinaryadjectiveUS /ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

fathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

freedmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

grotesqueadjectiveUS /ɡroʊˈtesk/

distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

honestynounUS /ˈɑːnəsti/

the quality of being honest

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

HowellsnounUS /ˈhaʊəlz/

United States writer and editor (1837-1920)

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

humoristsnounUS /ˈhjuːmərɪsts/

plural of “humorist” — someone who acts speaks or writes in an amusing way

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The more “commonplace” these facts the better they seemed to like them.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

maidsnounUS /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

MillsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The more “commonplace” these facts the better they seemed to like them.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

mountaineersnounUS /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz/

plural of “mountaineer” — someone who climbs mountains

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

naturalizeverbUS /ˈnætʃərəlaɪz/

make into a citizen

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

noticeableadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəsəbəl/

capable or worthy of being noticed

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

poetastery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

realismnounUS /ˈriːəlɪzəm/

the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

religionists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

romanticadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

rusticadjectiveUS /ˈrʌstɪk/

characteristic of rural life

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

ScottnounUS /skɑːt/

award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The more “commonplace” these facts the better they seemed to like them.

shyverbUS /ʃaɪ/

start suddenly, as from fright

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

sketchesnounUS /ˈsketʃəz/

plural of “sketch” — preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

slatternnoun

a prostitute who attracts customers by walking the streets

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The more “commonplace” these facts the better they seemed to like them.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The more “commonplace” these facts the better they seemed to like them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

usagesnounUS /ˈjuːsədʒəz/

plural of “usage” — the act of using

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

WalternounUS /ˈwɔːltər/

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Edited By William Dean Howells And Henry Mills Alden The most noticeable characteristic of the extraordinary literary development of the South since the Civil War is that it is almost entirely in the direction of realism.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading A people who, up to that time, had been so romantic that they wished to naturalize among themselves the ideals and usages of the Walter Scott ages of chivalry, suddenly dropped all that, and in their search for literary material could apparently find nothing so good as the facts of their native life.

wivesnounUS /waɪvz/

plural of “wife” — a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading Evidently they believed that there was a poetry under the rude outside of their mountaineers, their slattern country wives, their shy rustic men and maids, their grotesque humorists, their wild religionists, even their black freedmen, which was worth more than the poetastery of the romantic fiction of their fathers.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading In this strong faith, which need not have been a conscious creed, the writers of the New South have given the world sketches and studies and portraits of the persons and conditions of their peculiar civilization which the Russians themselves have not excelled in honesty, and hardly in simplicity.

Chapter 1 of Southern Lights and Shadows by William Dean [Editor] Howells holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Southern Lights and Shadows contain?

Chapter 1 holds 414 sentences of Southern Lights and Shadows, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Southern Lights and Shadows by William Dean [Editor] Howells exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Southern Lights and Shadows?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Southern Lights and Shadows

Common questions about reading Southern Lights and Shadows by William Dean [Editor] Howells on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Southern Lights and Shadows?

Yes. All 3247 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9509 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Southern Lights and Shadows is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9509, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Southern Lights and Shadows take to read?

About 270 minutes of reading across 650 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Southern Lights and Shadows section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Southern Lights and Shadows

Words and structures a reader meets early in Southern Lights and Shadows, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Southern Lights and Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Southern Lights and Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Howells
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Southern Lights and Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Henry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Southern Lights and Shadows; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.