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Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story
Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"How is business?"
"Very dull, I am losing terribly."
"Any prospect of times brightening?"
"I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.
Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"How is business?"
Line 2
"Very dull, I am losing terribly."
/ˈveri dʌl aɪ æm ˈluːzɪŋ ˈterəbli/
Line 3
"Any prospect of times brightening?"
/ˈeni ˈprɑːspekt ʌv taɪmz ˈbraɪtənɪŋ/
Line 4
"I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.
Line 5
Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."
/ˈkɑːnfədəns hæz bɪn ˈɡreɪtli ˈʃeɪkən men ʌv ˈbɪznəs hæv ɡroʊn ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli ˈtɪmɪd əˈbaʊt ˌɪnˈvestɪŋ ənd ðer ɪz ə ˈdʒenərəl dɪˈpreʃən ɪn ˈevəri dɪˈpɑːrtmənt ʌv treɪd ənd ˈbɪznəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brightening verb US /ˈbraɪtənɪŋ/

-ing form of “brighten” — make more cheerful through the use of color

From this reading “"Any prospect of times brightening?"”

department noun US /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading “Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."”

depression noun US /dɪˈpreʃən/

a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading “Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."”

exceedingly adverb US /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/

to an extreme degree

From this reading “Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."”

investing noun US /ˌɪnˈvestɪŋ/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading “Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."”

shaken adjective US /ˈʃeɪkən/

disturbed psychologically as if by a physical jolt or shock

From this reading “Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."”

terribly adverb US /ˈterəbli/

used as intensifiers

From this reading “"Very dull, I am losing terribly."”

timid adjective US /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading “Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "Very dull, I am losing terribly."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading "Any prospect of times brightening?"

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

brighteningverbUS /ˈbraɪtənɪŋ/

-ing form of “brighten” — make more cheerful through the use of color

From this reading "Any prospect of times brightening?"

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading "How is business?"

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

ConfidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

depressionnounUS /dɪˈpreʃən/

a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading "Very dull, I am losing terribly."

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

exceedinglyadverbUS /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/

to an extreme degree

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "How is business?"

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Very dull, I am losing terribly."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

investingnounUS /ˌɪnˈvestɪŋ/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "How is business?"

losingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading "Very dull, I am losing terribly."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Any prospect of times brightening?"

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading "Any prospect of times brightening?"

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

shakenadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪkən/

disturbed psychologically as if by a physical jolt or shock

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

terriblyadverbUS /ˈterəbli/

used as intensifiers

From this reading "Very dull, I am losing terribly."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading "Any prospect of times brightening?"

timidadjectiveUS /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Confidence has been greatly shaken, men of[?] business have grown exceedingly timid about investing and there is a general depression in every department of trade and business."

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "Very dull, I am losing terribly."

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "I don't see my way out clear; but I hope there will be a change for the better.

Chapter 3 of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story contain?

Chapter 3 holds 60 sentences of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story

Common questions about reading Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story by Frances Ellen Watkins Harper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Sowing and Reaping: A Temperance Story, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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