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Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.
Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543. is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 6 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 6
GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.
_New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.
Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.
If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.
The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.
But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543. is here in full — 6 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 6 reading units · Lines 1–6

Line 1
GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.
Line 2
_New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.
Line 3
Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.
Line 4
If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.
/ɪf ˌveriˈeɪʃənz frʌm peɪdʒ tuː peɪdʒ ɪn ðə ˈspelɪŋ ʌv sʌm sʌtʃ neɪmz ɑːr əbˈzɜːrvd baɪ ðə ˈriːdər ðeɪ meɪ biː əˈsuːmd tuː ɪɡˈzɪst ɪn ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl/
Line 5
The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.
/ðə θriː ˈnærətɪvz ˈprɪntɪd ɪn ðɪs bʊk ɑːr bʌt ə smɔːl səˈlekʃən frʌm əˈmʌŋ ˈmeni skɔːrz fɔːr ðə ˈnærətɪvz ʌv ˈspænɪʃ ɪkˈsplɔːrərz ɪn ðə ˈsʌðərn juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈkɑːnstətuːt æn ɪkˈstensɪv ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 6
But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

corrections noun US /kərˈekʃənz/

the department of local government that is responsible for managing the treatment of convicted offenders

From this reading “Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.”

explorers noun US /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading “The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.”

identification noun US /aɪˌdentəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of designating or identifying something

From this reading “Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.”

inc noun US /ɪŋk/

a heterogeneous collection of groups united in their opposition to Saddam Hussein's government of Iraq; formed in 1992 it is comprised of Sunni and Shiite Arabs and Kurds who hope to build a new government

From this reading “_New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.”

localities noun US /loʊˈkælɪtiz/

plural of “locality” — a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading “Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.”

narratives noun US /ˈnærətɪvz/

plural of “narrative” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading “The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.”

Survivors noun US /sərˈvaɪvərz/

plural of “survivor” — one who lives through affliction

From this reading “But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68”

undisputed adjective US /ˌʌndɪsˈpjuːtɪd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading “But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

proper names adjective + noun

In this reading “Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.”

Extract from verb + particle

In this reading “But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68”

in accordance preposition + noun

In this reading “Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.”

many scores adjective + noun

In this reading “The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.”

many cases adjective + noun counted as “many case”

In this reading “Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.”

exist in verb + particle

In this reading “If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.”

All words in this reading · 124

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

18

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

59

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

68

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

accordancenounUS /əˈkɔːrdəns/

concurrence of opinion

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

assumedadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

BARNES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

Buckingham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

Castillo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

correctionsnounUS /kərˈekʃənz/

the department of local government that is responsible for managing the treatment of convicted offenders

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

dependsverbUS /dɪˈpendz/

third-person singular of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

EDITORnounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

Elvas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

Estevanico

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

explorersnounUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

extensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

ExtractverbUS /ˈekstrækt/

remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

FRANKLINnounUS /ˈfræŋklɪn/

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

GENERALadjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

GentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

holdverbUS /hoʊld/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

identificationnounUS /aɪˌdentəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of designating or identifying something

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

INCnounUS /ɪŋk/

a heterogeneous collection of groups united in their opposition to Saddam Hussein's government of Iraq; formed in 1992 it is comprised of Sunni and Shiite Arabs and Kurds who hope to build a new government

From this reading _New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

interpretationnounUS /ˌɪntɜːrprɪˈteɪʃən/

a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

JAMESON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

Lenox

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

LetternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

LibrarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

LITT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

LL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

localitiesnounUS /loʊˈkælɪtiz/

plural of “locality” — a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

narrativesnounUS /ˈnærətɪvz/

plural of “narrative” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.

NOBLEadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading _New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

OfficersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

painsnounUS /peɪnz/

an effortful attempt to attain a goal

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

PersonsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

PHnounUS /ˈpiːˈeɪtʃ/

(from potential of Hydrogen) the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter

From this reading GENERAL EDITOR, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, PH.D., LL.D., LITT.D.

PilotverbUS /ˈpaɪlət/

operate an airplane

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

PortuguesenounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡiːz/

the Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

preëminence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

scoresnounUS /skɔːrz/

a large number or amount

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

spellingnounUS /ˈspelɪŋ/

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

SurvivorsnounUS /sərˈvaɪvərz/

plural of “survivor” — one who lives through affliction

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

undisputedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪsˈpjuːtɪd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading The three narratives printed in this book are but a small selection from among many scores; for the narratives of Spanish explorers in the southern United States constitute an extensive literature.

variationsnounUS /ˌveriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “variation” — an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading If variations from page to page in the spelling of some such names are observed by the reader, they may be assumed to exist in the original.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But if interest and historical importance are both taken into account, it is believed that these three hold an undisputed preëminence among such "relations." J. F. J. Officers and Persons who went in it 14 with a Pilot 18 Castillo, and Estevanico 59 Extract from the Letter of the Survivors 68

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Although, in the narrative of the Gentleman of Elvas, the translation by Buckingham Smith has been followed, some corrections have been made in the text, and pains have been taken to set right, in accordance with the Portuguese original at the Lenox Library, the native proper names, on whose interpretation in the Indian languages the identification of localities in many cases depends.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading _New York_ BARNES & NOBLE, INC.

Chapter 1 of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543. by Alvar, active 16th century Núñez Cabeza de Vaca holds 6 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 1 holds 6 sentences of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543., unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543. by Alvar, active 16th century Núñez Cabeza de Vaca exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 6 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Vocabulary met early in Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

General
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Editor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Franklin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jameson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.