Chapter 4 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter IV
Chapter 4 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
The Battle of Covadonga. 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death. 274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN. Of the Youthful Fortunes of Abderahman. 279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289
Chapter 4 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/1 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition
From this reading “268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.”
a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
From this reading “274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.”
plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another
From this reading “Of the Youthful Fortunes of Abderahman.”
inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse
From this reading “274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.”
an intermediate platform in a staircase
From this reading “279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289”
a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain
From this reading “268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.”
a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
From this reading “274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.”
suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh
From this reading “Of the Youthful Fortunes of Abderahman.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.
a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war
From this reading The Battle of Covadonga.
third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition
From this reading 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.
a state at a particular time
From this reading 279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289
a politically organized body of people under a single government
From this reading 279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The Battle of Covadonga.
the event of dying or departure from life
From this reading 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.
a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
From this reading 274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.
plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another
From this reading Of the Youthful Fortunes of Abderahman.
inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse
From this reading 274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading 279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289
a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom
From this reading 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.
an intermediate platform in a staircase
From this reading 279 Landing of Abderahman in Spain.—Condition of the Country. 289
a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain
From this reading 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading The Battle of Covadonga.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 268 Pelayo becomes King of Leon.—His Death.
a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
From this reading 274 ABDERAHMAN: THE FOUNDER OF THE DYNASTY OF THE OMMIADES OF SPAIN.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading The Battle of Covadonga.
suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh
From this reading Of the Youthful Fortunes of Abderahman.
Chapter 4 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving holds 5 sentences, grouped into 1 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 4 holds 5 sentences of Spanish Papers, unabridged, divided into 1 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 4 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 5 sentences, grouped into 1 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 1 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 1 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Spanish Papers by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 4679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #50352, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 389 minutes of reading across 936 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Spanish Papers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 27 chapters of Spanish Papers to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Spanish Papers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
