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Spanish Papers
Spanish Papers

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 208 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
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Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.
When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.
The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.
In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.
There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Spanish Papers

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 208 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.
Line 2
When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.
Line 3
The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.
/ðə kæmp wɑːz spred aʊt ɪn wʌn ʌv ðoʊz ˈpæstərəl ˈvæliz wɪtʃ laɪ æt ðə fiːt ʌv ðə ˈbɑːrbəri hɪlz wɪð ðə ɡreɪt reɪndʒ ʌv ðə ˈætləs ˈmaʊntənz ˈtaʊərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdɪstəns/
Line 4
In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.
/ɪn ðə ˈmɑːtli ˈɑːrmi hiːr əˈsembəld wɜːr ˈwɔːriərz ʌv ˈevəri traɪb ənd ˈneɪʃən ðæt hæd bɪn juːˈnaɪtɪd baɪ pækt ɔːr ˈkɑːŋkwest ɪn ðə kɑːz ʌv ˌɪˈslɑːm/
Line 5
There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arabian noun US /əˈreɪbiən/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading “When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.”

Atlas noun US /ˈætləs/

(Greek mythology) a Titan who was forced by Zeus to bear the sky on his shoulders

From this reading “The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.”

Barbary noun US /ˈbɑːrbəri/

a region of northern Africa on the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Gibraltar; was used as a base for pirates from the 16th to 19th centuries

From this reading “The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.”

Emir noun US /ɪˈmɪr/

an independent ruler or chieftain (especially in Africa or Arabia)

From this reading “When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.”

Islam noun US /ˌɪˈslɑːm/

the civilization of Muslims collectively which is governed by the Muslim religion

From this reading “In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.”

Mauritania noun US /ˌmɔːrɪˈteɪniə/

a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert

From this reading “There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.”

motley noun US /ˈmɑːtli/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading “In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.”

pact noun US /pækt/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading “In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

spread out verb + adjective

move outward

In this reading “The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.”

at the feet preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.”

in the distance preposition + article + noun counted as “in … distance”

In this reading “The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

ArabnounUS /ˈærəb/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

ArabiannounUS /əˈreɪbiən/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

AtlasnounUS /ˈætləs/

(Greek mythology) a Titan who was forced by Zeus to bear the sky on his shoulders

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

BarbarynounUS /ˈbɑːrbəri/

a region of northern Africa on the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Gibraltar; was used as a base for pirates from the 16th to 19th centuries

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

Barca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

bennounUS /ben/

a mountain or tall hill

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

CampnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

Ceuta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

confidentialadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəl/

entrusted with private information and the confidence of another

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

EgyptnounUS /ˈiːdʒəpt/

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

elnounUS /el/

angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

EmirnounUS /ɪˈmɪr/

an independent ruler or chieftain (especially in Africa or Arabia)

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

ExpeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

fortunesnounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “fortune” — an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

HillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

IslamnounUS /ˌɪˈslɑːm/

the civilization of Muslims collectively which is governed by the Muslim religion

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

JuliannounUS /ˈdʒuːliən/

Roman Emperor and nephew of Constantine; he restored paganism as the official religion of the Roman Empire and destroyed Christian temples but his decision was reversed after his death (331?-363)

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

MauritanianounUS /ˌmɔːrɪˈteɪniə/

a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

motleynounUS /ˈmɑːtli/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

Muza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

Nosier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

pactnounUS /pækt/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

pastoraladjectiveUS /ˈpæstərəl/

of or relating to a pastor

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

SecretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

securitynounUS /sɪˈkjʊrəti/

the state of being free from danger or injury

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

soldierynoun

soldiers collectively

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

sunburntadjective

suffering from overexposure to direct sunlight

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

Taric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

toweringadjectiveUS /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/

of imposing height; especially standing out above others

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

Tuerto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

unitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

VisitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Secret Visit of Count Julian to the Arab Camp.—First Expedition of Taric el Tuerto.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the motley army here assembled were warriors of every tribe and nation, that had been united by pact or conquest in the cause of Islam.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The camp was spread out in one of those pastoral valleys which lie at the feet of the Barbary Hills, with the great range of the Atlas Mountains towering in the distance.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There were those who had followed Muza from the fertile regions of Egypt, across the deserts of Barca, and those who had joined his standard from among the sunburnt tribes of Mauritania.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When Count Julian had placed his family in security in Ceuta, surrounded by soldiery devoted to his fortunes, he took with him a few confidential followers and departed in secret for the camp of the Arabian Emir, Muza ben Nosier.

Chapter 9 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving holds 208 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Spanish Papers contain?

Chapter 9 holds 208 sentences of Spanish Papers, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 208 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Spanish Papers?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Spanish Papers

Common questions about reading Spanish Papers by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Spanish Papers?

Yes. All 4679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Spanish Papers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50352, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Spanish Papers take to read?

About 389 minutes of reading across 936 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Spanish Papers section by section

How to work through Spanish Papers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Spanish Papers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Spanish Papers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Spanish Papers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philadelphia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lippincott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.