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Spanish Papers
Spanish Papers

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.
While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.
The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.
What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!
In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Spanish Papers

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.
Line 2
While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.
Line 3
The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.
Line 4
What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!
Line 5
In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cavaliers noun US /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading “In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.”

Cordova noun US /ˌkɔːrˈdoʊvə/

Spanish explorer who discovered Yucatan (1475-1526)

From this reading “Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.”

Gothic adjective US /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading “In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.”

infidel noun US /ˈɪnfɪdel/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading “The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.”

inundation noun US /ˌɪnənˈdeɪʃən/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading “The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.”

invaders noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.”

overthrow noun US /ˈoʊvərθroʊ/

the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)

From this reading “What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!”

Patriot noun US /ˈpeɪtriət/

one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading “Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wide circuit adjective + noun

In this reading “While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.”

felt confident verb + adjective

In this reading “The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.”

mighty host adjective + noun

In this reading “What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!”

In the midst preposition + article + noun counted as “in … midst”

the middle or central part or point

In this reading “In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.”

arrived at verb + particle counted as “arrive at”

reach a destination, either real or abstract

In this reading “In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.”

with fatigue preposition + noun

In this reading “In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.”

with horror preposition + noun

In this reading “What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!”

great army adjective + noun

In this reading “The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

affrightnoun

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

anguishnounUS /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

extreme mental distress

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

cavaliersnounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

circuitnounUS /ˈsɜːrkət/

an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

confidentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnfədənt/

having or marked by confidence or assurance

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

consternationnounUS /ˌkɑːnstərˈneɪʃən/

fear resulting from the awareness of danger

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

CordovanounUS /ˌkɔːrˈdoʊvə/

Spanish explorer who discovered Yucatan (1475-1526)

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

DefensenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

disappearancenounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns/

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

dismaynounUS /dɪˈsmeɪ/

the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

ExpeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

fatiguenounUS /fəˈtiːɡ/

temporary loss of strength and energy resulting from hard physical or mental work

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

fugitivesnounUS /ˈfjuːdʒɪtɪvz/

plural of “fugitive” — someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

GothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

Guadalete

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

Guadalquivir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

haggardadjectiveUS /ˈhæɡərd/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

infidelnounUS /ˈɪnfɪdel/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

inundationnounUS /ˌɪnənˈdeɪʃən/

the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

invadersnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

Magued

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

midstnounUS /mɪdst/

the location of something surrounded by other things

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

overthrownounUS /ˈoʊvərθroʊ/

the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

PatriotnounUS /ˈpeɪtriət/

one who loves and defends his or her country

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

Pelistes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

remnantnounUS /ˈremnənt/

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

renegado

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

Roderick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

survivedverbUS /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

Taric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The inhabitants of that ancient place had beheld the great army of Don Roderick spreading like an inundation over the plain of the Guadalquivir, and had felt confident that it must sweep the infidel invaders from the land.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Expedition of Magued against Cordova.—Defense of the Patriot Pelistes.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

tidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

veterannounUS /ˈvetərən/

a serviceman who has seen considerable active service

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading In the midst of their consternation, the Gothic noble Pelistes arrived at their gates, haggard with fatigue of body and anguish of mind, and leading a remnant of his devoted cavaliers, who had survived the dreadful battle of the Guadalete.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading While the veteran Taric was making this wide circuit through the land, the expedition under Magued the renegado proceeded against the city of Cordova.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading What then was their dismay when scattered fugitives, wild with horror and affright, brought them tidings of the entire overthrow of that mighty host, and the disappearance of the king!

Chapter 12 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving holds 180 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Spanish Papers contain?

Chapter 12 holds 180 sentences of Spanish Papers, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 180 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Spanish Papers?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Spanish Papers

Common questions about reading Spanish Papers by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Spanish Papers?

Yes. All 4679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Spanish Papers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50352, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Spanish Papers take to read?

About 389 minutes of reading across 936 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Spanish Papers section by section

How to work through Spanish Papers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Spanish Papers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Spanish Papers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Spanish Papers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philadelphia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lippincott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.