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Spanish Papers
Spanish Papers

Chapter XXVI

Chapter 26 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 181 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.
When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.
The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.
Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.
Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Spanish Papers

Chapter XXVI

Chapter 26 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 181 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.
Line 2
When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.
Line 3
The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.
Line 4
Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.
/ˈmeni ʌv ðə noʊˈbɪləti ʌv ˌkætəˈloʊnjə ənd ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl rɪˈperd tuː ðə ˈstændərd ʌv ðə kɪŋ æz dɪd ˈʌðər ˌkævəˈlɪrz ʌv wɜːrθ ənd ˈpraʊəs frʌm lændz fɑːr bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈpɪrəiz/
Line 5
Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

besiege verb US /bɪˈsiːdʒ/

surround so as to force to give up

From this reading “When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.”

buckler noun US /ˈbʌkələr/

armor carried on the arm to intercept blows

From this reading “Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.”

Castile noun US /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading “The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.”

Catalonia noun US /ˌkætəˈloʊnjə/

a region of northeastern Spain

From this reading “Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.”

Prelates noun US /ˈprelɪts/

plural of “prelate” — a senior clergyman and dignitary

From this reading “Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.”

Pyrenees noun US /ˈpɪrəiz/

a chain of mountains between France and Spain

From this reading “Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.”

Santiago noun US /ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ/

city in the northern Dominican Republic

From this reading “Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.”

Seville noun US /səˈvɪl/

a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain

From this reading “Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

take care verb + noun

be careful, prudent, or watchful

In this reading “Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.”

religious orders adjective + noun counted as “religious order”

a subdivision of a larger religious group

In this reading “The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.”

great city adjective + noun

In this reading “When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.”

bearing arms noun + noun

In this reading “The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

AdmiralnounUS /ˈædmərəl/

the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

advancesnounUS /ədˈvænsəz/

plural of “advance” — a movement forward

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

Alcala

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

ArmsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

arousedadjectiveUS /ərˈaʊzd/

aroused to action

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

BehalfnounUS /bɪˈhæf/

as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as “on behalf of” rather than “in behalf of”)

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

besiegeverbUS /bɪˈsiːdʒ/

surround so as to force to give up

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

Bonifaz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

bruited

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

bucklernounUS /ˈbʌkələr/

armor carried on the arm to intercept blows

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

CastilenounUS /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

CatalonianounUS /ˌkætəˈloʊnjə/

a region of northeastern Spain

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

cavaliersnounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

Correa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

DeedsnounUS /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

Del

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

determinationnounUS /dɪˌtɜːrməˈneɪʃən/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

Fernando

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

FleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

Guadalquivir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

hazarded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

hidalgos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

hombres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

InvestmentnounUS /ˌɪnˈvestmənt/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

lancenounUS /læns/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

LeonnounUS /ˈliːɑːn/

a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

likewiseadverbUS /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/

in like or similar manner

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

MiraclesnounUS /ˈmɪrəkəlz/

plural of “miracle” — any amazing or wonderful occurrence

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

monksnounUS /mʌŋks/

plural of “monk” — a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

nobilitynounUS /noʊˈbɪləti/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

Pelayo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

PortugalnounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡəl/

a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

PrelatesnounUS /ˈprelɪts/

plural of “prelate” — a senior clergyman and dignitary

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

princesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəz/

plural of “prince” — a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

prowessnounUS /ˈpraʊəs/

a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

PyreneesnounUS /ˈpɪrəiz/

a chain of mountains between France and Spain

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

Ramon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

repairedverbUS /rɪˈperd/

past form of “repair” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

ricos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

RionounUS /ˈriːoʊ/

the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

rousedverbUS /raʊzd/

past form of “rouse” — become active

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

SaintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

SantiagonounUS /ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ/

city in the northern Dominican Republic

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

SevillenounUS /səˈvɪl/

a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

SurrendernounUS /sərˈendər/

acceptance of despair

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

throngedadjectiveUS /θrɔːŋd/

filled with great numbers crowded together

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

Valorousadjective

having or showing valor

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The masters of the various military and religious orders, the ricos hombres, the princes, cavaliers, hidalgos, and every one of Castile and Leon capable of bearing arms, prepared to take the field.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When it was bruited abroad that King Fernando the Saint intended to besiege the great city of Seville, all Spain was roused to arms.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading Many of the nobility of Catalonia and Portugal repaired to the standard of the king, as did other cavaliers of worth and prowess from lands far beyond the Pyrenees.

wroughtadjectiveUS /rɔːt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading Investment of Seville.—All Spain aroused to Arms.—Surrender of Alcala Del Rio.—The Fleet of Admiral Ramon Bonifaz advances up the Guadalquivir.—Don Pelayo Correa, Master of Santiago.—His Valorous Deeds and the Miracles wrought in his Behalf.

zealousadjectiveUS /ˈzeləs/

marked by active interest and enthusiasm

From this reading Prelates, priests, and monks likewise thronged to the army,—some to take care of the souls of those who hazarded their lives in this holy enterprise, others with a zealous determination to grasp buckler and lance, and battle with the arm of flesh against the enemies of God and the Church.

Chapter 26 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving holds 181 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 26 of Spanish Papers contain?

Chapter 26 holds 181 sentences of Spanish Papers, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 26 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 181 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 26 of Spanish Papers?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 26 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 26 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Spanish Papers

Common questions about reading Spanish Papers by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Spanish Papers?

Yes. All 4679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Spanish Papers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50352, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Spanish Papers take to read?

About 389 minutes of reading across 936 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Spanish Papers section by section

How to work through Spanish Papers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Spanish Papers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Spanish Papers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Spanish Papers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philadelphia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lippincott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.