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Spanish Papers
Spanish Papers

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 323 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.
Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.
This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.
One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.
They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Spanish Papers

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Spanish Papers is here in full — 323 sentences across 65 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.
Line 2
Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.
Line 3
This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.
Line 4
One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.
Line 5
They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.
/ðeɪ wɜːr nɑːt ˈmɪrli kəmˈpænjənz bʌt ˈraɪvəlz ɪn ɑːrmz fɔːr ɪn ðɪs siːdʒ ɪt wɑːz ðə ˈkʌstəm əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈkrɪstʃən naɪts tuː vaɪ wɪð iːtʃ ˈʌðər ɪn ækts ʌv ˈderɪŋ ˈentərpraɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bravado noun US /brəˈvɑːdoʊ/

a swaggering show of courage

From this reading “Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.”

cavaliers noun US /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading “Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.”

dismembered verb US /dɪˈsmembərd/

past form of “dismember” — separate the limbs from the body

From this reading “Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.”

enamored adjective US /eˈnæmərd/

marked by foolish or unreasoning fondness

From this reading “This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.”

jeopardy noun US /ˈdʒepərdi/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading “This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.”

Seville noun US /səˈvɪl/

a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain

From this reading “Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.”

Vargas noun US /ˈvɑːrɡəs/

Brazilian statesman who ruled Brazil as a virtual dictator (1883-1954)

From this reading “Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.”

vie verb US /vaɪ/

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading “They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

vie with verb + particle

In this reading “They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.”

boasted of verb + particle counted as “boast of”

In this reading “One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.”

on the Bridge preposition + article + noun counted as “on … bridge”

In this reading “Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

actsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

AdmiralnounUS /ˈædmərəl/

the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

AmbushverbUS /ˈæmbʊʃ/

wait in hiding to attack

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

AttemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

boastedverbUS /ˈboʊstəd/

past form of “boast” — show off

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

BoatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

Bonifaz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

BravadonounUS /brəˈvɑːdoʊ/

a swaggering show of courage

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

BridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

CavaliersnounUS /ˌkævəˈlɪrz/

plural of “cavalier” — a gallant or courtly gentleman

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

DesperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

dismemberedverbUS /dɪˈsmembərd/

past form of “dismember” — separate the limbs from the body

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

DonnounUS /dɑːn/

a Spanish gentleman or nobleman

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

enamoredadjectiveUS /eˈnæmərd/

marked by foolish or unreasoning fondness

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

Gallinato

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

gamester

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

Garci

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

GrandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

Guadayra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

jeopardynounUS /ˈdʒepərdi/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

Lorenzo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

MoorishnounUS /ˈmʊrɪʃ/

a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by horseshoe-shaped arches

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

Perez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

renownedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnaʊnd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

rivalsnounUS /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

SevillenounUS /səˈvɪl/

a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

surpassedverbUS /sərˈpæst/

past form of “surpass” — distinguish oneself

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

Triana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

ValornounUS /ˈvælər/

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

From this reading Bravado of the Three Cavaliers.—Ambush at the Bridge over the Guadayra.—Desperate Valor of Garci Perez.—Grand Attempt of Admiral Bonifaz on the Bridge of Boats.—Seville dismembered from Triana.

VargasnounUS /ˈvɑːrɡəs/

Brazilian statesman who ruled Brazil as a virtual dictator (1883-1954)

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

vieverbUS /vaɪ/

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were not merely companions, but rivals in arms; for in this siege it was the custom among the Christian knights to vie with each other in acts of daring enterprise.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Of all the Christian cavaliers who distinguished themselves in this renowned siege of Seville, there was none who surpassed in valor the bold Garci Perez de Vargas.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This hardy knight was truly enamored of danger, and like a gamester with his gold, he seemed to have no pleasure of his life except in putting it in constant jeopardy.

Xuarez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One of the greatest friends of Garci Perez was Don Lorenzo Xuarez Gallinato, the same who had boasted of the valor of Garci Perez at the time that he exposed himself to be attacked by seven Moorish horsemen.

Chapter 27 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving holds 323 sentences, grouped into 65 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of Spanish Papers contain?

Chapter 27 holds 323 sentences of Spanish Papers, unabridged, divided into 65 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of Spanish Papers by Washington Irving exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 323 sentences, grouped into 65 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of Spanish Papers?

Work through the 65 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 65 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Spanish Papers

Common questions about reading Spanish Papers by Washington Irving on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Spanish Papers?

Yes. All 4679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #50352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Spanish Papers is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #50352, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Spanish Papers take to read?

About 389 minutes of reading across 936 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Spanish Papers section by section

How to work through Spanish Papers section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Spanish Papers to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Spanish Papers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Spanish Papers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philadelphia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lippincott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Papers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spanish Papers; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.