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Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1
Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.
He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.
And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.
And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.
And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 is here in full — 300 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.
Line 2
He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.
Line 3
And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.
Line 4
And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.
Line 5
And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

array noun US /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading “And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.”

hale noun US /heɪl/

a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been `I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country' (1755-1776)

From this reading “And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.”

helm noun US /helm/

steering mechanism for a vessel; a mechanical device by which a vessel is steered

From this reading “And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.”

Hereford noun US /ˈherəfərd/

hardy English breed of cattle raised extensively in United States

From this reading “And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.”

palfrey noun US /ˈpælfri/

especially a light saddle horse for a woman

From this reading “He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.”

steers noun US /stɪrz/

plural of “steer” — an indication of potential opportunity

From this reading “And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.”

tyre noun US /taɪr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading “And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.”

wight noun US /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading “And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

AlsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

apertly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

ArmedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

armis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

arrayand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

axenounUS /æks/

an edge tool with a heavy bladed head mounted across a handle

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

aye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

bassinetnoun

a basket (usually hooded) used as a baby's bed

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

Bohun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

bowshot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

feres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

forouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

gart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

Gloster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

halenounUS /heɪl/

a soldier of the American Revolution who was hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been `I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country' (1755-1776)

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

helmnounUS /helm/

steering mechanism for a vessel; a mechanical device by which a vessel is steered

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

HerefordnounUS /ˈherəfərd/

hardy English breed of cattle raised extensively in United States

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

HimpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

hy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

jollyadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɑːli/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

LaughedverbUS /læft/

past form of “laugh” — produce laughter

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

palfreynounUS /ˈpælfri/

especially a light saddle horse for a woman

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

rawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

ridand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

spearnounUS /spɪr/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

steednounUS /stiːd/

(literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

steersnounUS /stɪrz/

plural of “steer” — an indication of potential opportunity

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

thereupon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

tok'ning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

tyrenounUS /taɪr/

a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading And toward him he went in hy.[4] And the king so apertly[5] Saw him come, forouth[6] all his feres,[7] In hy till him the horse he steers.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading And on his bassinet he bare A hat of tyre above aye where; And, thereupon, into tok'ning, An high crown, that he was king.

wightnounUS /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

wist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And when the king wist that they were In hale[1] battle, coming so near, His battle gart[2] he well array.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He rode upon a little palfrey, Laughed and jolly, arrayand His battle, with an axe in hand.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading And when Gloster and Hereford were With their battle approaching near, Before them all there came ridand, With helm on head and spear in hand, Sir Henry the Bohun, the worthy, That was a wight knight, and a hardy, And to the Earl of Hereford cousin; Armed in armis good and fine; Came on a steed a bowshot near, Before all other that there were: And knew the king, for that he saw Him so range his men on raw,[3] And by the crown that was set Also upon his bassinet.

Chapter 4 of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 by George [Editor] Gilfillan holds 300 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 300 sentences of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 by George [Editor] Gilfillan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 300 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 by George [Editor] Gilfillan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1?

Yes. All 3767 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9667 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9667, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 take to read?

About 313 minutes of reading across 754 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Specimens
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Memoirs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Less-known
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
British
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Specimens with Memoirs of the Less-known British — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.