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Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'
Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
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THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.
The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.
York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.
Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.
The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' is here in full — 123 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.
Line 2
The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.
/ðə ˈmʌŋɡərz ɑːr ðə kɪŋz ʌv jɔːrk æn ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl taʊn ənd oʊn mʌtʃ ˈprɑːpərti ˌðerəˈbaʊts/
Line 3
York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.
Line 4
Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.
/ˈmeni ʌv ðə ˈhaʊsəz ɑːr bɪlt ʌv stoʊn ənd enˈkloʊzd ɪn ˈvɪnjərdz ənd fruːt ˈɡɑːrdənz/
Line 5
The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.
/ðə ˈmʌŋɡərz haʊs wɑːz kwaɪt ˈæftər ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ staɪl soʊ ˈɔːlsoʊ wɑːz ðer ˌhɑːspəˈtæləti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agricultural adjective US /ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl/

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading “The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.”

Carnegie noun US /ˈkɑːrnəɡi/

United States educator famous for writing a book about how to win friends and influence people (1888-1955)

From this reading “THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.”

Douglas's noun US /ˈdʌɡləsɪz/

possessive form of “douglas” — United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading “THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.”

enclosed adjective US /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading “Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.”

Mongers noun US /ˈmʌŋɡərz/

plural of “monger” — someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading “The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.”

team noun US /tiːm/

a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading “THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.”

thereabouts adverb US /ˌðerəˈbaʊts/

near that time or date

From this reading “The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.”

vineyards noun US /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading “Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

agriculturaladjectiveUS /ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl/

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

Bayley's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

CarnegienounUS /ˈkɑːrnəɡi/

United States educator famous for writing a book about how to win friends and influence people (1888-1955)

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

corrugated-iron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

Douglas'snounUS /ˈdʌɡləsɪz/

possessive form of “douglas” — United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

gold-laden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

hospitalitynounUS /ˌhɑːspəˈtæləti/

kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

KURNALPI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

LittleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

Monger's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

MongersnounUS /ˈmʌŋɡərz/

plural of “monger” — someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

paddocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

QUEENnounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

railwaynounUS /ˈreɪlweɪ/

line that is the commercial organization responsible for operating a system of transportation for trains that pull passengers or freight

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

REACHverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

roofsnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

RUSHverbUS /rʌʃ/

move hurridly

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

ShortlyadverbUS /ˈʃɔːrtli/

for a short time

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

SPRINGnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

teamnounUS /tiːm/

a cooperative unit (especially in sports)

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Mongers' house was quite after the English style, so also was their hospitality.

thereaboutsadverbUS /ˌðerəˈbaʊts/

near that time or date

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The Mongers are the kings of York, an agricultural town, and own much property thereabouts.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

VICTORIAnounUS /vɪkˈtɔːriə/

queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901; the last Hanoverian ruler of England (1819-1901)

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

vineyardsnounUS /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading Many of the houses are built of stone, and enclosed in vineyards and fruit gardens.

waggonnoun

any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

WEpronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

winter-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading York and its surroundings in the winter-time might, except for the corrugated-iron roofs, easily be in England.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading THE RUSH TO KURNALPI--WE REACH QUEEN VICTORIA SPRING Shortly after Lord Douglas's return, I took the train to York, where "Little Carnegie," who had formed one of the team to draw the gold-laden express waggon from Bayley's to the head of the railway line, was running in one of Mr. Monger's paddocks.

Chapter 4 of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' by David Wynford Carnegie holds 123 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' contain?

Chapter 4 holds 123 sentences of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years', unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' by David Wynford Carnegie exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 123 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'

Common questions about reading Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' by David Wynford Carnegie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'?

Yes. All 4703 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4975 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4975, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' take to read?

About 391 minutes of reading across 941 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' section by section

How to work through Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years' section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'

Words and structures a reader meets early in Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years', each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Month
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
September
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Percy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Douglas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Spinifex and Sand A Narrative of Five Years'; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.