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Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus
Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SPORT IN THE CRIMEA.
Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.
Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.
It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.
For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SPORT IN THE CRIMEA.
/spɔːrt ɪn ðə kraɪˈmiːə/
Line 2
Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.
Line 3
Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.
Line 4
It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.
Line 5
For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breezy adjective US /ˈbriːzi/

fresh and animated

From this reading “It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.”

Caucasus noun US /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading “Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.”

climates noun US /ˈklaɪməts/

plural of “climate” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading “Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.”

crimea noun US /kraɪˈmiːə/

a Ukrainian peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

From this reading “SPORT IN THE CRIMEA.”

sportsmen noun US /ˈspɔːrtsmɪn/

plural of “sportsman” — someone who engages in sports

From this reading “Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.”

Stalking noun US /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/

a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush

From this reading “Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.”

steppe noun US /step/

extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)

From this reading “Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.”

steppes noun US /steps/

plural of “steppe” — extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)

From this reading “It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wooded hills adjective + noun counted as “wooded hill”

In this reading “It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.”

ample opportunity adjective + noun

In this reading “For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.”

five years noun + noun

In this reading “It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.”

three years noun + noun

In this reading “For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.”

Sea coast noun + noun

In this reading “It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.”

journey from verb + particle

In this reading “Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.”

For nearly preposition + adverb

In this reading “For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

ampleadjectiveUS /ˈæmpəl/

more than enough in size or scope or capacity

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

bagnounUS /bæɡ/

a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

breezyadjectiveUS /ˈbriːzi/

fresh and animated

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

bustards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

CaucasusnounUS /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

climatesnounUS /ˈklaɪməts/

plural of “climate” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

CRIMEAnounUS /kraɪˈmiːə/

a Ukrainian peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

From this reading SPORT IN THE CRIMEA.

CropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

deliciousadjectiveUS /dɪˈlɪʃəs/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

droshkynoun

an open horse-drawn carriage with four wheels; formerly used in Poland and Russia

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

GamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

greyhounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SPORT IN THE CRIMEA.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

Kertch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

likesnounUS /laɪks/

plural of “like” — a similar kind

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

Malos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

marvelverbUS /ˈmɑːrvəl/

be amazed at

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

Metchat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

NightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

nowherenounUS /ˈnoʊwer/

an insignificant place

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

OutfitnounUS /ˈaʊtfɪt/

any cohesive unit such as a military company

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

picnicnounUS /ˈpɪknɪk/

a day devoted to an outdoor social gathering

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

pleasuresnounUS /ˈpleʒərz/

plural of “pleasure” — a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

plentifuladjectiveUS /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

quantitynounUS /ˈkwɑːntəti/

how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

residentadjectiveUS /ˈrezɪdənt/

living in a particular place

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

rosemary-clad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

ScarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

SeanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

shooting-ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

SPORTnounUS /spɔːrt/

an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading SPORT IN THE CRIMEA.

sportsmennounUS /ˈspɔːrtsmɪn/

plural of “sportsman” — someone who engages in sports

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

StalkingnounUS /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/

a hunt for game carried on by following it stealthily or waiting in ambush

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

Starrie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

steppenounUS /step/

extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

steppesnounUS /steps/

plural of “steppe” — extensive plain without trees (associated with eastern Russia and Siberia)

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

StraitsnounUS /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

testingnounUS /ˈtestɪŋ/

the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SPORT IN THE CRIMEA.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

Tscherkess

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

week'snounUS /wiːks/

possessive form of “week” — any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

Wild-fowl

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Outfit--The droshky--A merry party--The Straits of Kertch--The steppe--Wild-fowl--Crops--The Malos--The ‘Starrie Metchat’--Game--Tscherkess greyhounds--Stalking bustards--A picnic--Night on the steppe.

wild-fowler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Scarcely a week’s journey from London, with delicious climates and any quantity of game, it always seemed a marvel to me how few English sportsmen ever found their way to the Crimea or Caucasus.

woodedadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdɪd/

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading For nearly three years resident at Kertch, I had ample opportunity of testing all the pleasures of the steppe, and a better shooting-ground for the wild-fowler or man who likes a lot of hard work, with a plentiful and varied bag at the end of his day, could nowhere be found.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It is now something more than five years ago since I first made myself acquainted with the breezy rosemary-clad steppes of the former, or the low wooded hills on the Black Sea coast of the latter.

Chapter 1 of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus by Clive Phillipps-Wolley holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus contain?

Chapter 1 holds 108 sentences of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus by Clive Phillipps-Wolley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus

Common questions about reading Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus by Clive Phillipps-Wolley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus?

Yes. All 2756 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #48835 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #48835, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus take to read?

About 229 minutes of reading across 552 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus section by section

How to work through Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sport
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crimea
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outfit--the
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Droshky--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sport in the Crimea and Caucasus; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.