Chapter XII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

highly attractive and able to arouse hope or desire

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

plural of “armenian” — a native or inhabitant of Armenia

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

offering little or no hope

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

an occurrence of something

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

a soft suede leather formerly from the skin of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “colonist” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

An action of moving downward, dropping, or falling into a deeper place.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

relating to societies in which capital needed to industrialize is in short supply

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

plural of “goat” — any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

with gusto and without reservation

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

in a hospitable manner

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

unfavorable to life or growth

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LESGHIAN MOUNTAINS.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

structures collectively in which people are housed

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

characterized by grandeur

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

used to form the superlative

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the activity of climbing a mountain

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading THE LESGHIAN MOUNTAINS.

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

possessive form of “night” — the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

above and across; more than

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “partridge” — flesh of either quail or grouse

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “pheasant” — large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

-ing form of “photograph” — record on photographic film

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

a very steep cliff

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

the manner in which something is greeted

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

(of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LESGHIAN MOUNTAINS.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

plural of “thief” — a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

careful and diligent in the use of resources

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

very lively and profitable

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

plural of “turkey” — large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

not meant or adapted for a particular purpose

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

precisely as stated

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The entire population of Gerdaoul is Armenian, and the village, like most Armenian villages, is a thriving one.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.

exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

accept gladly

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

which person or people

From this reading The Armenians are almost as good colonists as the Germans; thrifty, sober, hard-working, and astute, they are invariably better off than their neighbours, who as invariably call them thieves, and detest them heartily.

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gerdaoul--Shooting partridges--Native wine-vaults--Expedition among the hills--Native houses--An inhospitable village--A dangerous ride--A welcome reception--Shepherd-boys--The Lesghians--Russian love for the Czar--Unsuitable education--Mountain-climbing--Magnificent scenery--Red deer--Vegetation--A chamois--A weary descent--A happy people--Photographing the scenery--A ‘baboushka’--‘Developing’ our photographs--A mountain châlet--The snow peaks--Wild goats and sheep--Difficult mountaineering--An alluring chase--Suspended over a precipice--A bleak night’s lodging--Mountain turkeys--Black pheasants--Lammergeiers--Advice to travellers--Return to Goktchai.

past form of “wrong” — treat unjustly; do wrong to

From this reading In the case of the Armenians of Gerdaoul I hoped they wronged them, for I was certainly very hospitably received and honestly treated there.