Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
St. Bernard's
St. Bernard's

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of St. Bernard's is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for St. Bernard's
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITY.
For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.
Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.
But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.
To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

St. Bernard's

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of St. Bernard's is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITY.
/ðə skuːl ʌv hjuːˈmænɪti/
Line 2
For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.
Line 3
Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.
/ðoʊ sɑːft vəˈlʌptʃəwəs ˈklaɪməts ʌv ˈsʌðərn ˈjʊrəp wʊd hæv bred wʌn wʊd hæv θɔːt ˈneɪʃənz huːz tʃiːf ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks wʊd hæv bɪn ˈdʒentəlnəs ənd ˈtendərnəs/
Line 4
But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.
Line 5
To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.
/tuː hæv ˈsɔːfənd təˈwɔːrdz ðer ˈneɪbərz ənd dɪˈpendənts ðə ˈkruːəl pəˈtrɪʃənz ʌv ˈnɪroʊz reɪn ˈniːdəd ðə ˈɡreɪtəst ˈmɪrəkəl ʌv ðə ˈkrɪstʃən rɪˈlɪdʒən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

climates noun US /ˈklaɪməts/

plural of “climate” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading “Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.”

dependents noun US /dɪˈpendənts/

plural of “dependent” — a person who relies on another person for support (especially financial support)

From this reading “To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.”

ingrained adjective US /ˌɪnˈɡreɪnd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading “But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.”

Nero's noun US /ˈnɪroʊz/

possessive form of “nero” — Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Roman Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)

patricians noun US /pəˈtrɪʃənz/

plural of “patrician” — a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading “To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.”

powerfully adverb US /ˈpaʊərfli/

in a powerful manner

From this reading “For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.”

timely adjective US /ˈtaɪmli/

before a time limit expires

From this reading “For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.”

voluptuous adjective US /vəˈlʌptʃəwəs/

having strong sexual appeal

From this reading “Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Divine origin adjective + noun

In this reading “For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.”

chief characteristics noun + noun counted as “chief characteristic”

In this reading “Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.”

lower animals verb + noun counted as “lower animal”

In this reading “But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

bredverbUS /bred/

inflected form of “breed” — call forth

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

ButlernounUS /ˈbʌtlər/

a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

characteristicsnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪks/

plural of “characteristic” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

ChristianitynounUS /ˌkrɪstʃiˈænɪti/

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

climatesnounUS /ˈklaɪməts/

plural of “climate” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

crueltynounUS /ˈkruːlti/

a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

deeplyadverbUS /ˈdiːpli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

dependentsnounUS /dɪˈpendənts/

plural of “dependent” — a person who relies on another person for support (especially financial support)

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

DivineadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪn/

emanating from God

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

gentlenessnounUS /ˈdʒentəlnəs/

the property possessed by a slope that is very gradual

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

HenceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

HUMANITYnounUS /hjuːˈmænɪti/

the quality of being humane

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITY.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

ingrainedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈɡreɪnd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

manifestedverbUS /ˈmænəfestəd/

past form of “manifest” — provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

martialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

miraclenounUS /ˈmɪrəkəl/

any amazing or wonderful occurrence

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

neededadjectiveUS /ˈniːdəd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

neighboursnounUS /ˈneɪbərz/

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

Nero'snounUS /ˈnɪroʊz/

possessive form of “nero” — Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Roman Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITY.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

patriciansnounUS /pəˈtrɪʃənz/

plural of “patrician” — a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

powerfullyadverbUS /ˈpaʊərfli/

in a powerful manner

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

racesnounUS /ˈreɪsəz/

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

regardsnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdz/

plural of “regard” — (usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

running's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITY.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

slainnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

softenedadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːfənd/

toned down

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

tendernessnounUS /ˈtendərnəs/

a tendency to express warm and affectionate feeling

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

that's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITY.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

ThonounUS /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

timelyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪmli/

before a time limit expires

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading To have softened towards their neighbours and dependents, the cruel patricians of Nero’s reign needed the greatest miracle of the Christian religion.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

uninfluencedadjective

not influenced or affected

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

voluptuousadjectiveUS /vəˈlʌptʃəwəs/

having strong sexual appeal

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But it is not so, and the cruelty that was deeply ingrained in the Roman nature lives on in Christian Italy and Spain, uninfluenced by some sixteen centuries of Christianity, so far as regards the treatment of the lower animals.

WhichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For those that fly may fight again, Which he can never do that’s slain; Hence timely running’s no mean part Of conduct in the martial art.—_Butler._ The Divine origin of Christianity is manifested in nothing more powerfully than by the progress it rapidly made among the Latin races.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Tho soft, voluptuous climates of Southern Europe would have bred, one would have thought, nations whose chief characteristics would have been gentleness and tenderness.

Chapter 21 of St. Bernard's by Edward Berdoe holds 55 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of St. Bernard's contain?

Chapter 21 holds 55 sentences of St. Bernard's, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of St. Bernard's by Edward Berdoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 55 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of St. Bernard's?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading St. Bernard's

Common questions about reading St. Bernard's by Edward Berdoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of St. Bernard's?

Yes. All 3458 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of St. Bernard's is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46431, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does St. Bernard's take to read?

About 288 minutes of reading across 692 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read St. Bernard's section by section

How to work through St. Bernard's section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of St. Bernard's to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in St. Bernard's

Words and structures a reader meets early in St. Bernard's, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Bernard's; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Bernard's; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Homines
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Bernard's; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Proprius
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Bernard's; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.