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St. Elmo
St. Elmo

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of St. Elmo is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.
But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"
Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.
"I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.
I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

St. Elmo

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of St. Elmo is here in full — 234 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.
/waɪl jɔːr dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz ˈveri ˈpeɪnfəl tuː miː aɪ ʃæl nɑːt əˈtempt tuː dɪˈsweɪd juː frʌm ə ˌrezəˈluːʃən wɪtʃ aɪ noʊ hæz nɑːt bɪn ˈlaɪtli ɔːr ˈheɪstəli ˈteɪkən/
Line 2
But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"
Line 3
Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.
Line 4
"I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.
/aɪ dred ðə ˌsepərˈeɪʃən frʌm juː ənd ˈmɪsɪz ˈmɜːri bʌt aɪ noʊ aɪ ɔːt tuː ɡoʊ ənd aɪ fiːl ðæt wen ˈduːti kəˈmændz miː tuː ˈfɑːloʊ ə pæθ ˈloʊnli ənd ˈdrɪri ðoʊ ɪt meɪ siːm ə laɪt wɪl biː ʃed bɪˈfɔːr maɪ fiːt ənd ə stæf wɪl biː pʊt ˈɪntuː maɪ hændz/
Line 5
I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commands noun US /kəˈmændz/

plural of “command” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading “"I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.”

decrees noun US /dɪˈkriːz/

plural of “decree” — a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

From this reading “I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.”

dissuade verb US /dɪˈsweɪd/

turn away from by persuasion

From this reading “"While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.”

Murray noun US /ˈmɜːri/

British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)

From this reading “"I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.”

personify verb US /pərˈsɑːnəfaɪ/

invest with or as with a body; give body to

From this reading “I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.”

pupil noun US /ˈpjuːpəl/

a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading “Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.”

separation noun US /ˌsepərˈeɪʃən/

the state of lacking unity

From this reading “"I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.”

stroked verb US /stroʊkt/

past form of “stroke” — touch lightly and repeatedly, as with brushing motions

From this reading “Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

awfuladjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

bowedadjectiveUS /baʊd/

of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"

commandsnounUS /kəˈmændz/

plural of “command” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

decisionnounUS /dɪˈsɪʒən/

the act of making up your mind about something

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

decreesnounUS /dɪˈkriːz/

plural of “decree” — a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

Dii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

dissuadeverbUS /dɪˈsweɪd/

turn away from by persuasion

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"

dreadnounUS /dred/

fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

drearyadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

Etrurians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

Hammond's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

hastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

intendedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtendɪd/

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

Involuti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

lightlyadverbUS /ˈlaɪtli/

without good reason

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

MurraynounUS /ˈmɜːri/

British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

personifyverbUS /pərˈsɑːnəfaɪ/

invest with or as with a body; give body to

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

pupilnounUS /ˈpjuːpəl/

a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

separationnounUS /ˌsepərˈeɪʃən/

the state of lacking unity

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

staffnounUS /stæf/

personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

strokedverbUS /stroʊkt/

past form of “stroke” — touch lightly and repeatedly, as with brushing motions

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

trembledverbUS /ˈtrembəld/

past form of “tremble” — move or jerk quickly and involuntarily up and down or sideways

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "I dread the separation from you and Mrs. Murray; but I know I ought to go; and I feel that when duty commands me to follow a path, lonely and dreary though it may seem, a light will be shed before my feet, and a staff will be put into my hands.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Mr. Hammond's eyes filled with tears as he looked at his pupil, and his hand trembled when he stroked her bowed head.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But, ah, my child! what shall I do without you?"

wonderedverbUS /ˈwʌndərd/

past form of “wonder” — have a wish or desire to know something

From this reading I have often wondered what the Etrurians intended to personify in their Dii Involuti, before whose awful decrees all other gods bowed.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "While your decision is very painful to me, I shall not attempt to dissuade you from a resolution which I know has not been lightly or hastily taken.

Chapter 21 of St. Elmo by Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans holds 234 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of St. Elmo contain?

Chapter 21 holds 234 sentences of St. Elmo, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of St. Elmo by Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 234 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of St. Elmo?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading St. Elmo

Common questions about reading St. Elmo by Augusta J. (Augusta Jane) Evans on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of St. Elmo?

Yes. All 8016 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4553 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of St. Elmo is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4553, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does St. Elmo take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1604 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read St. Elmo section by section

How to work through St. Elmo section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of St. Elmo to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in St. Elmo

Words and structures a reader meets early in St. Elmo, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Elmo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Measured
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Elmo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Earth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Elmo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Everlasting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. Elmo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.