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St. George and St. Michael
St. George and St. Michael

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of St. George and St. Michael is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WITCH'S COTTAGE.
Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.
On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.
She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.
The cottage was clean and tidy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

St. George and St. Michael

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of St. George and St. Michael is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WITCH'S COTTAGE.
/ðə ˈwɪtʃɪz ˈkɑːtədʒ/
Line 2
Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.
Line 3
On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.
/ɑːn hɜːr hed ʃiː wɔːr ə ˈwɪdoʊz kæp wɪð lɑːrdʒ kraʊn θɪk frɪl ənd blæk ˈrɪbən enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ ɪt bɪˈtwiːn ðem/
Line 4
She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.
Line 5
The cottage was clean and tidy.
/ðə ˈkɑːtədʒ wɑːz kliːn ənd ˈtaɪdi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cooking noun US /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat

From this reading “She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.”

encircling adjective US /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading “On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.”

frill noun US /frɪl/

(paleontology) a bony plate that curves upward behind the skull of many ceratopsian dinosaurs

From this reading “On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.”

peat noun US /piːt/

partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried

From this reading “She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.”

ribbon noun US /ˈrɪbən/

any long object resembling a thin line

From this reading “On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.”

tidy adjective US /ˈtaɪdi/

marked by order and cleanliness in appearance or habits

From this reading “The cottage was clean and tidy.”

widow's noun US /ˈwɪdoʊz/

possessive form of “widow” — a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading “On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.”

witch's noun US /ˈwɪtʃɪz/

possessive form of “witch” — a female sorcerer or magician

From this reading “THE WITCH'S COTTAGE.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading The cottage was clean and tidy.

cookingnounUS /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

COTTAGEnounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading THE WITCH'S COTTAGE.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

encirclingadjectiveUS /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

frillnounUS /frɪl/

(paleontology) a bony plate that curves upward behind the skull of many ceratopsian dinosaurs

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

griddlenoun

cooking utensil consisting of a flat heated surface (as on top of a stove) on which food is cooked

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

hatnounUS /hæt/

headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

hearthnounUS /hɑːrθ/

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

nurseverbUS /nɜːrs/

try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

oat-cake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

old-fashionedadjectiveUS /ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd/

out of fashion

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

peatnounUS /piːt/

partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

Rees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

ribbonnounUS /ˈrɪbən/

any long object resembling a thin line

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

smoulderingadjective

showing scarcely suppressed anger

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WITCH'S COTTAGE.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

thresholdnounUS /ˈθreʃoʊld/

the starting point for a new state or experience

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

tidyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪdi/

marked by order and cleanliness in appearance or habits

From this reading The cottage was clean and tidy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

welcomedverbUS /ˈwelkəmd/

past form of “welcome” — accept gladly

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading She welcomed him with the kindness almost of an old nurse, and led the way to the one chair in the room--beside the hearth, where a fire of peat was smouldering rather than burning beneath the griddle, on which she was cooking oat-cake.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Richard was met on the threshold by mistress Rees, in the same old-fashioned dress, all but the hat, which I have already described.

widow'snounUS /ˈwɪdoʊz/

possessive form of “widow” — a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

WITCH'SnounUS /ˈwɪtʃɪz/

possessive form of “witch” — a female sorcerer or magician

From this reading THE WITCH'S COTTAGE.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading On her head she wore a widow's cap, with large crown, thick frill, and black ribbon encircling it between them.

Chapter 17 of St. George and St. Michael by George MacDonald holds 185 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of St. George and St. Michael contain?

Chapter 17 holds 185 sentences of St. George and St. Michael, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of St. George and St. Michael by George MacDonald exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 185 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of St. George and St. Michael?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading St. George and St. Michael

Common questions about reading St. George and St. Michael by George MacDonald on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of St. George and St. Michael?

Yes. All 7279 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5753 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of St. George and St. Michael is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5753, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does St. George and St. Michael take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1456 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read St. George and St. Michael section by section

How to work through St. George and St. Michael section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in St. George and St. Michael

Words and structures a reader meets early in St. George and St. Michael, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dorothy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. George and St. Michael; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Richard
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. George and St. Michael; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Middle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. George and St. Michael; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Autumn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of St. George and St. Michael; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.