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Stand By The Union
Stand By The Union

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Stand By The Union is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stand By The Union
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A MORAL PHILOSOPHER.
The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.
For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.
He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.
He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stand By The Union

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Stand By The Union is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A MORAL PHILOSOPHER.
/ə ˈmɔːrəl fəˈlɑːsəfər/
Line 2
The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.
Line 3
For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.
/fɔːr ðə ˈprezənt hiː hæd dʌn ɔːl ðə ˈθɪŋkɪŋ hiː kerd tuː duː ənd hiː felt ðæt hɪz ˈprezənt ˈduːti wɑːz ɪn ˈækʃən/
Line 4
He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈprɪzənər ʌv wɔːr ənd æz sʌtʃ hiː wɑːz ɪn dɪsˈɡreɪs ɪn ə ˈlɔɪəl ʃɪps ˈkʌmpəniː æt liːst hiː felt ðæt hiː wɑːz soʊ ˈʌndər ˈprezənt ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/
Line 5
He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.
/hiː wɑːz nɑːt dɪsˈɡʌstəd æt hɪz ˈfeɪljər tuː ɪˈstæblɪʃ hɪz aɪˈdentɪtiː nɔːr dɪsˈhɑːrtənd æt ðə ˈprɑːspekt bɪˈfɔːr hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bedding noun US /ˈbedɪŋ/

coverings that are used on a bed

From this reading “The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.”

berth noun US /bɜːrθ/

a job in an organization

From this reading “The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.”

disgusted adjective US /dɪsˈɡʌstəd/

having a strong distaste from surfeit

From this reading “He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.”

disheartened adjective US /dɪsˈhɑːrtənd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading “He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.”

establish verb US /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

set up or found

From this reading “He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.”

identity noun US /aɪˈdentɪtiː/

the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity

From this reading “He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.”

ship's noun US /ʃɪps/

possessive form of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading “He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.”

temporary adjective US /ˈtempəreri/

not permanent; not lasting

From this reading “The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A MORAL PHILOSOPHER.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

beddingnounUS /ˈbedɪŋ/

coverings that are used on a bed

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

berthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

a job in an organization

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

caredverbUS /kerd/

past form of “care” — feel concern or interest

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

Christy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

disgraceverbUS /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

bring shame or dishonor upon

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

disgustedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈɡʌstəd/

having a strong distaste from surfeit

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

disheartenedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈhɑːrtənd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

establishverbUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

set up or found

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

identitynounUS /aɪˈdentɪtiː/

the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

MORALadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading A MORAL PHILOSOPHER.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

PHILOSOPHERnounUS /fəˈlɑːsəfər/

a specialist in philosophy

From this reading A MORAL PHILOSOPHER.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

prisonernounUS /ˈprɪzənər/

a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading He was not disgusted at his failure to establish his identity, nor disheartened at the prospect before him.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

ship'snounUS /ʃɪps/

possessive form of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

temporaryadjectiveUS /ˈtempəreri/

not permanent; not lasting

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For the present he had done all the thinking he cared to do, and he felt that his present duty was in action.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading He was a prisoner of war, and as such he was in disgrace in a loyal ship's company; at least, he felt that he was so under present circumstances.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The temporary berth was finished, the bedding put into it, and Christy took possession of it.

Chapter 8 of Stand By The Union by Oliver Optic holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Stand By The Union contain?

Chapter 8 holds 103 sentences of Stand By The Union, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Stand By The Union by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Stand By The Union?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stand By The Union

Common questions about reading Stand By The Union by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stand By The Union?

Yes. All 3171 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18816 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stand By The Union is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18816, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stand By The Union take to read?

About 264 minutes of reading across 635 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stand By The Union section by section

How to work through Stand By The Union section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Stand By The Union to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stand By The Union

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stand By The Union, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lieutenant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christopher
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passford
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.