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Stand By The Union
Stand By The Union

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Stand By The Union is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.
Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.
He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.
"I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.
"I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stand By The Union

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Stand By The Union is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.
Line 2
Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.
Line 3
He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.
Line 4
"I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.
Line 5
"I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."
/aɪ lɜːrn wɪð noʊ ˈlɪtəl əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt ðæt juː ɑːr ðə kəˈmændər ʌv ðɪs ˈstiːmər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bronx noun US /brɑːŋks/

a borough of New York City

From this reading “A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.”

commander noun US /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.”

divan noun US /dɪˈvæn/

a long backless sofa (usually with pillows against a wall)

From this reading “A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.”

nephew noun US /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading “A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.”

planter noun US /ˈplæntər/

the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading “"I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.”

reclining noun US /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading “A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.”

steamer noun US /ˈstiːmər/

a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading “"I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."”

thinner noun US /ˈθɪnər/

a diluting agent

From this reading “Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

astonishmentnounUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/

the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

BOARDnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

BRONXnounUS /brɑːŋks/

a borough of New York City

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

Christy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

divannounUS /dɪˈvæn/

a long backless sofa (usually with pillows against a wall)

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

forty-twoadjective

being two more than forty

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

nephewnounUS /ˈnefjuː/

a son of your brother or sister

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

NON-COMBATANT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

paler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

Passford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

planternounUS /ˈplæntər/

the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

recliningnounUS /rɪˈklaɪnɪŋ/

the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

steamernounUS /ˈstiːmər/

a clam that is usually steamed in the shell

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

thinnernounUS /ˈθɪnər/

a diluting agent

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Christy thought he looked thinner and paler than when he had last seen him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

wantingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːntɪŋ/

nonexistent

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading A NON-COMBATANT ON BOARD THE BRONX Colonel Passford was reclining on the divan when the commander entered the cabin; but he rose to his feet as soon as he saw his nephew.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading "I learn, with no little astonishment, that you are the commander of this steamer."

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading He was now only forty-two years old, but he looked like a man of fifty.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "I have been wanting to see you, Christy," said the planter, as he approached his nephew.

Chapter 20 of Stand By The Union by Oliver Optic holds 107 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Stand By The Union contain?

Chapter 20 holds 107 sentences of Stand By The Union, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Stand By The Union by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 107 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Stand By The Union?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stand By The Union

Common questions about reading Stand By The Union by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stand By The Union?

Yes. All 3171 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18816 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stand By The Union is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18816, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stand By The Union take to read?

About 264 minutes of reading across 635 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stand By The Union section by section

How to work through Stand By The Union section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Stand By The Union to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stand By The Union

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stand By The Union, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lieutenant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christopher
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Passford
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stand By The Union; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.