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Stem to Stern
Stem to Stern

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Stem to Stern is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stem to Stern
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.
Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.
The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.
He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.
Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stem to Stern

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Stem to Stern is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.
Line 2
Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.
Line 3
The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.
/ðə bloʊ ʌv ðə sʌn ʌv tɔɪl ənd hɪz fɔːl əˈpɑːn ðə sænd pruːvd tuː biː ɪˈnʌf fɔːr hɪm/
Line 4
He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.
/hiː wɑːz ɔːl foʊm ənd ˈfjʊri ɪn ˈkɑːnsəkwəns ʌv hɪz ˈsɪɡnəl dɪˈfiːt/
Line 5
Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.
/ˈpɑːsəbli hiː hæd θɔːt ðæt ə puːr dɪˈpendənt əˈpɑːn hɪz ˈbaʊnti wʊd nɑːt der tuː straɪk hɪm ənd ɪn truːθ pɔːl felt ðæt ɪt wɑːz ˈsʌmθɪŋ laɪk ˈtredɪŋ əˈpɑːn ðə ˈbaɪbəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bounty noun US /ˈbaʊnti/

payment or reward (especially from a government) for acts such as catching criminals or killing predatory animals or enlisting in the military

From this reading “Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.”

defeat noun US /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading “He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.”

dependent adjective US /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading “Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.”

foam noun US /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading “He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.”

mandate noun US /ˈmændeɪt/

a document giving an official instruction or command

From this reading “THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.”

puffy adjective US /ˈpʌfi/

being puffed out; used of hair style or clothing

From this reading “Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.”

toil verb US /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading “The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.”

treading verb US /ˈtredɪŋ/

-ing form of “tread” — put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading “Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

treading upon verb + particle counted as “tread upon”

In this reading “Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.”

fall upon verb + particle

find unexpectedly

In this reading “The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.”

in consequence preposition + noun

In this reading “He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.”

upon the sand preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … sand”

In this reading “The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.”

in truth preposition + noun

in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)

In this reading “Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

BiblenounUS /ˈbaɪbəl/

the sacred writings of the Christian religions

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

BILLCORD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

bountynounUS /ˈbaʊnti/

payment or reward (especially from a government) for acts such as catching criminals or killing predatory animals or enlisting in the military

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

corpulencynoun

more than average fatness

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

FINALadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəl/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.

foamnounUS /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

MAJORadjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

MANDATEnounUS /ˈmændeɪt/

a document giving an official instruction or command

From this reading THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

PossiblyadverbUS /ˈpɑːsəbli/

by chance

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

puffyadjectiveUS /ˈpʌfi/

being puffed out; used of hair style or clothing

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading He was all foam and fury in consequence of his signal defeat.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

strikeverbUS /straɪk/

deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FINAL MANDATE OF MAJOR BILLCORD.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

toilverbUS /tɔɪl/

work hard

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

treadingverbUS /ˈtredɪŋ/

-ing form of “tread” — put down or press the foot, place the foot

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The blow of the son of toil, and his fall upon the sand, proved to be enough for him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Major Billcord was a short, puffy man, inclined to corpulency.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Possibly he had thought that a poor dependent upon his bounty would not dare to strike him; and, in truth, Paul felt that it was something like treading upon the Bible.

Chapter 3 of Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Stem to Stern contain?

Chapter 3 holds 111 sentences of Stem to Stern, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Stem to Stern?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stem to Stern

Common questions about reading Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stem to Stern?

Yes. All 3514 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52978 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stem to Stern is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #52978, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stem to Stern take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stem to Stern section by section

How to work through Stem to Stern section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Stem to Stern to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stem to Stern

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stem to Stern, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boat-builder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.