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Stem to Stern
Stem to Stern

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Stem to Stern is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stem to Stern
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.
It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.
He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.
He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.
The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stem to Stern

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Stem to Stern is here in full — 91 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.
Line 2
It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.
Line 3
He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.
Line 4
He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.
/hiː hæd nɑːt plʌk ɪˈnʌf wen ɪt wɑːz ˈbloʊɪŋ freʃ tuː kiːp hɪz seɪl fʊl/
Line 5
The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.
/ðə ˈbɑːrdʒəz wɜːr ˈoʊvərhɔːlɪŋ hɜːr bɪˈkɔːz ʃiː hæd ˈhɑːrdli ˈeni ˈhedweɪ ənd wen ʃiː went ɪn steɪz ʃiː hæd nɑːt spiːd ɪˈnʌf tuː miːt ðə fɪrs weɪvz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barges noun US /ˈbɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “barge” — a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals)

From this reading “The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.”

dory noun US /ˈdɔːri/

a small boat of shallow draft with cross thwarts for seats and rowlocks for oars with which it is propelled

From this reading “DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.”

erred verb US /erd/

past form of “err” — to make a mistake or be incorrect

From this reading “He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.”

glaring adjective US /ˈɡlerɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading “It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.”

headway noun US /ˈhedweɪ/

vertical space available to allow easy passage under something

From this reading “The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.”

overhauling verb US /ˈoʊvərhɔːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhaul” — travel past

From this reading “The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.”

sailboats noun US /ˈseɪlboʊts/

plural of “sailboat” — a small sailing vessel; usually with a single mast

From this reading “It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.”

stays noun US /steɪz/

a woman's close-fitting foundation garment

From this reading “The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

absolutely certain adverb + adjective

In this reading “It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.”

any headway adjective + noun

In this reading “The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.”

pluck enough verb + noun

In this reading “He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.”

too timid adverb + adjective

In this reading “He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.”

hardly any adverb + adjective

In this reading “The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.”

charge of verb + particle

In this reading “It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

bargesnounUS /ˈbɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “barge” — a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals)

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

Bissell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

blowingnounUS /ˈbloʊɪŋ/

processing that involves blowing a gas

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

BOAT-SAILING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

DORNWOOD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.

DORYnounUS /ˈdɔːri/

a small boat of shallow draft with cross thwarts for seats and rowlocks for oars with which it is propelled

From this reading DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

erredverbUS /erd/

past form of “err” — to make a mistake or be incorrect

From this reading He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

GIVESnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.

glaringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlerɪŋ/

shining intensely

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.

headwaynounUS /ˈhedweɪ/

vertical space available to allow easy passage under something

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

LESSONnounUS /ˈlesən/

a unit of instruction

From this reading DORY DORNWOOD GIVES A LESSON IN BOAT-SAILING.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.

over-daring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

overhaulingverbUS /ˈoʊvərhɔːlɪŋ/

-ing form of “overhaul” — travel past

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

pluckverbUS /plʌk/

pull or pull out sharply

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

sailboatsnounUS /ˈseɪlboʊts/

plural of “sailboat” — a small sailing vessel; usually with a single mast

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

skippernounUS /ˈskɪpər/

a student who fails to attend classes

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

staysnounUS /steɪz/

a woman's close-fitting foundation garment

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

timidadjectiveUS /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He erred in the opposite extreme,--he was too timid.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

wavesnounUS /weɪvz/

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The barges were overhauling her, because she had hardly any headway; and when she went in stays, she had not speed enough to meet the fierce waves.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He had not pluck enough when it was blowing fresh to keep his sail full.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was absolutely certain that Bissell was not a reckless and over-daring skipper, which is often the most glaring fault of those in charge of sailboats.

Chapter 16 of Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic holds 91 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Stem to Stern contain?

Chapter 16 holds 91 sentences of Stem to Stern, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 91 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Stem to Stern?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stem to Stern

Common questions about reading Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stem to Stern?

Yes. All 3514 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52978 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stem to Stern is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #52978, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stem to Stern take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stem to Stern section by section

How to work through Stem to Stern section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Stem to Stern to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stem to Stern

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stem to Stern, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boat-builder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.