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Stem to Stern
Stem to Stern

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of Stem to Stern is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."
Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.
They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.
They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.
The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stem to Stern

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of Stem to Stern is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."
Line 2
Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.
Line 3
They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.
/ðeɪ ˈɔːlmoʊst meɪd ə ˈseləbreɪtɪd keɪs ʌv ɪt/
Line 4
They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.
Line 5
The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.
/ðə əˈsɔːlt ənd ðə kənˈspɪrəsi wɜːr tuː aʊˈtreɪdʒəs ɪn ðə əˈpɪnjən ʌv ðə ˈdʒʌstəs tuː biː ˈpʌnɪʃt wɪð ə ˈsɪmpəl faɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assault noun US /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading “The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.”

celebrated adjective US /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.”

confinement noun US /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading “They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.”

conspiracy noun US /kənˈspɪrəsi/

a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading “The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.”

outrageous adjective US /aʊˈtreɪdʒəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading “The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.”

punished adjective US /ˈpʌnɪʃt/

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading “The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.”

sentenced verb US /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading “They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.”

students noun US /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading “THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten days noun + noun

In this reading “They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.”

county court noun + noun

In this reading “They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.”

thirty days noun + noun

In this reading “They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.”

in the county preposition + article + noun counted as “in … county”

In this reading “They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

Billcord

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.

confinementnounUS /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

conspiracynounUS /kənˈspɪrəsi/

a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

DECIDEverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪd/

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

Elizabethtown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

lawyernounUS /ˈlɔːjər/

a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

NAMEverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

outrageousadjectiveUS /aʊˈtreɪdʒəs/

grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

Plattsburgh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

punishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃt/

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

ruffians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

sentencedverbUS /ˈsentənst/

past form of “sentence” — pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

STUDENTSnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They almost made a "celebrated case" of it.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Major Billcord had the services of a distinguished lawyer from Plattsburgh and of another from Elizabethtown to defend himself and the six ruffians.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

trialnounUS /ˈtraɪəl/

the act of testing something

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They got the trial into the county court, and the six ruffians were sentenced to ten days confinement in the county prison, and the major himself to thirty days.

WHAT'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE STUDENTS DECIDE "WHAT'S IN A NAME."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The assault and the conspiracy were too outrageous, in the opinion of the justice, to be punished with a simple fine.

Chapter 24 of Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic holds 107 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 24 of Stem to Stern contain?

Chapter 24 holds 107 sentences of Stem to Stern, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 24 of Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 107 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 24 of Stem to Stern?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 24 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 24 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stem to Stern

Common questions about reading Stem to Stern by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stem to Stern?

Yes. All 3514 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52978 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stem to Stern is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #52978, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stem to Stern take to read?

About 292 minutes of reading across 703 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stem to Stern section by section

How to work through Stem to Stern section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Stem to Stern to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stem to Stern

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stem to Stern, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boat-builder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stem to Stern; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.