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Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross
Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN THE PRISON HOUSE.
It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.
Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.
"Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.
We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN THE PRISON HOUSE.
/ɪn ðə ˈprɪzən haʊs/
Line 2
It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈveri dɑːrk ɪn ðə ˈprɪzən ənd ðə strɔː wɪtʃ ˈlɪtərd ðə ˈɜːrθən flɔːr ʌv ðə pleɪs wɑːz dæmp ənd ˈfɪlθi/
Line 3
Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.
Line 4
"Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.
Line 5
We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."
/wiː ɑːr æz bɜːrdz ɪn ðə sner ʌv ðə ˈfaʊlər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

earthen adjective US /ˈɜːrθən/

made of earth (or baked clay)

From this reading “It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.”

filthy adjective US /ˈfɪlθi/

disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter

From this reading “It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.”

fowler noun US /ˈfaʊlər/

English lexicographer who wrote a well-known book on English usage (1858-1933)

From this reading “We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."”

groaned verb US /ɡroʊnd/

past form of “groan” — indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

From this reading “Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.”

littered adjective US /ˈlɪtərd/

filled or scattered with a disorderly accumulation of objects or rubbish

From this reading “It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.”

prevailed verb US /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading “"Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.”

snare noun US /sner/

something (often something deceptively attractive) that catches you unawares

From this reading “We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."”

stagnant adjective US /ˈstæɡnənt/

not circulating or flowing

From this reading “Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

earthen floor adjective + noun

In this reading “It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.”

prevailed against verb + particle counted as “prevail against”

In this reading “"Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.”

very dark adjective + noun

In this reading “It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

Abu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

aloudadverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

using the voice; not silently

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

BennounUS /ben/

a mountain or tall hill

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

breathingnounUS /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

earthenadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθən/

made of earth (or baked clay)

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

filthyadjectiveUS /ˈfɪlθi/

disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

fowlernounUS /ˈfaʊlər/

English lexicographer who wrote a well-known book on English usage (1858-1933)

From this reading We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."

groanedverbUS /ɡroʊnd/

past form of “groan” — indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

Hesed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

HOUSEnounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading IN THE PRISON HOUSE.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN THE PRISON HOUSE.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

litteredadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtərd/

filled or scattered with a disorderly accumulation of objects or rubbish

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

PRISONnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading IN THE PRISON HOUSE.

sighedverbUS /saɪd/

past form of “sigh” — heave or utter a sigh; breathe deeply and heavily

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

snarenounUS /sner/

something (often something deceptively attractive) that catches you unawares

From this reading We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."

stagnantadjectiveUS /ˈstæɡnənt/

not circulating or flowing

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

strawnounUS /strɔː/

plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN THE PRISON HOUSE.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Abu Ben Hesed found a difficulty in breathing the stagnant air, he groaned aloud and beat upon his breast.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We are as birds in the snare of the fowler."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was very dark in the prison, and the straw which littered the earthen floor of the place was damp and filthy.

wickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading "Alas!" he sighed, "how have the wicked prevailed against the innocent.

Chapter 17 of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross by Florence Morse Kingsley holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross contain?

Chapter 17 holds 96 sentences of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross by Florence Morse Kingsley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross

Common questions about reading Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross by Florence Morse Kingsley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross?

Yes. All 4155 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41655 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41655, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross take to read?

About 346 minutes of reading across 831 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross section by section

How to work through Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Toronto
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Briggs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wesley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stephen: A Soldier of the Cross; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.