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Stories By English Authors — France
Stories By English Authors — France

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Stories By English Authors — France is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Her life had been a hard one.
Her parents had been hideously poor.
Her marriage had scarcely bettered her condition.
She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.
She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories By English Authors — France

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Stories By English Authors — France is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Her life had been a hard one.
/hɜːr laɪf hæd bɪn ə hɑːrd wʌn/
Line 2
Her parents had been hideously poor.
/hɜːr ˈperənts hæd bɪn ˈhɪdiəsli puːr/
Line 3
Her marriage had scarcely bettered her condition.
/hɜːr ˈmerɪdʒ hæd ˈskersli ˈbetərd hɜːr kənˈdɪʃən/
Line 4
She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.
Line 5
She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.
/ʃiː hæd noʊn ˈfiːvər ənd ˈfæmən ənd ɔːl ˈmænər ʌv ˈɜːrθli ɪlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bettered verb US /ˈbetərd/

past form of “better” — surpass in excellence

From this reading “Her marriage had scarcely bettered her condition.”

famine noun US /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading “She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.”

hideously adverb US /ˈhɪdiəsli/

in a hideous manner

From this reading “Her parents had been hideously poor.”

hoeing verb US /ˈhoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “hoe” — dig with a hoe

From this reading “She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.”

ills noun US /ɪlz/

plural of “ill” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading “She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.”

reaping verb US /ˈriːpɪŋ/

-ing form of “reap” — gather, as of natural products

From this reading “She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.”

streak noun US /striːk/

an unbroken series of events

From this reading “She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.”

weeding verb US /ˈwiːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “weed” — clear of weeds

From this reading “She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.”

All words in this reading · 42

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Her life had been a hard one.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Her life had been a hard one.

betteredverbUS /ˈbetərd/

past form of “better” — surpass in excellence

From this reading Her marriage had scarcely bettered her condition.

carryingverbUS /ˈkæriɪŋ/

-ing form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Her marriage had scarcely bettered her condition.

continuallyadverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuːəli/

seemingly without interruption

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

daybreaknounUS /ˈdeɪbreɪk/

the first light of day

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

earthlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθli/

of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven

From this reading She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.

faminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.

fevernounUS /ˈfiːvər/

a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection

From this reading She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Her life had been a hard one.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Her life had been a hard one.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her life had been a hard one.

hideouslyadverbUS /ˈhɪdiəsli/

in a hideous manner

From this reading Her parents had been hideously poor.

hoeingverbUS /ˈhoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “hoe” — dig with a hoe

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

illsnounUS /ɪlz/

plural of “ill” — an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.

labouredadjective

lacking natural ease

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Her life had been a hard one.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading She had known fever and famine and all manner of earthly ills.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading Her marriage had scarcely bettered her condition.

mulesnounUS /mjuːlz/

plural of “mule” — hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse; usually sterile

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Her life had been a hard one.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading Her parents had been hideously poor.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Her parents had been hideously poor.

reapingverbUS /ˈriːpɪŋ/

-ing form of “reap” — gather, as of natural products

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Her marriage had scarcely bettered her condition.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

streaknounUS /striːk/

an unbroken series of events

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

weedingverbUS /ˈwiːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “weed” — clear of weeds

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading She had laboured in the fields always, hoeing and weeding and reaping and carrying wood and driving mules, and continually rising with the first streak of daybreak.

Chapter 4 of Stories By English Authors — France by Robert Louis [Contributor] Stevenson holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Stories By English Authors — France contain?

Chapter 4 holds 171 sentences of Stories By English Authors — France, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Stories By English Authors — France by Robert Louis [Contributor] Stevenson exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Stories By English Authors — France?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stories By English Authors — France

Common questions about reading Stories By English Authors — France by Robert Louis [Contributor] Stevenson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stories By English Authors — France?

Yes. All 2071 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2359 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stories By English Authors — France is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2359, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stories By English Authors — France take to read?

About 172 minutes of reading across 415 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stories By English Authors — France section by section

How to work through Stories By English Authors — France section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Stories By English Authors — France to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stories By English Authors — France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories By English Authors — France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories By English Authors — France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paris
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories By English Authors — France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rigorous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories By English Authors — France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Relentless
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories By English Authors — France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.