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Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian
Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian is here in full — 480 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian
Context Illustration Reading 1/96 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.
She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.
The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.
Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.
"Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian is here in full — 480 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/96 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.
Line 2
She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.
Line 3
The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.
Line 4
Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.
/ˈreɪzɪŋ hɪmˈself ɑːn hɪz fɔːr pɔːz hiː ˈɑːrtʃəz hɪz ˈfleksəbəl ˈbɑːdi ənd ðen roʊlz hɪmˈself ʌp ˈɪntuː ə bɔːl ˈtɜːrnɪŋ hɪz bæk əˈpɑːn hɪz ˈvɪzɪtər/
Line 5
"Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arches noun US /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading “Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.”

dozing verb US /ˈdoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “doze” — sleep lightly or for a short period of time

From this reading “The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.”

escorting verb US /ˈeskɔːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “escort” — accompany as an escort

From this reading “"Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.”

flexible adjective US /ˈfleksəbəl/

capable of being changed

From this reading “Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.”

laurels noun US /ˈlɔːrəlz/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading “Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.”

paws noun US /pɔːz/

plural of “paw” — a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped

From this reading “Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.”

rests noun US /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading “Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.”

rolls noun US /roʊlz/

plural of “roll” — rotary motion of an object around its own axis

From this reading “Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

archesnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃəz/

plural of “arch” — a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

attentionsnounUS /əˈtenʃənz/

plural of “attention” — the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

ballnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

boredadjectiveUS /bɔːrd/

tired of the world

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

catnounUS /kæt/

feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

DearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

dollnounUS /dɑːl/

a small replica of a person; used as a toy

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

Doretta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

dozingverbUS /ˈdoʊzɪŋ/

-ing form of “doze” — sleep lightly or for a short period of time

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

dressesnounUS /ˈdresəz/

plural of “dress” — a one-piece garment for a woman; has skirt and bodice

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

escortingverbUS /ˈeskɔːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “escort” — accompany as an escort

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

flexibleadjectiveUS /ˈfleksəbəl/

capable of being changed

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

gownnounUS /ɡaʊn/

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

half-open

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

laurelsnounUS /ˈlɔːrəlz/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

Melanio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

Nini

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

pawsnounUS /pɔːz/

plural of “paw” — a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

politeadjectiveUS /pəˈlaɪt/

showing regard for others in manners, speech, behavior, etc.

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

RaisingnounUS /ˈreɪzɪŋ/

the event of something being raised upward

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

restsnounUS /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

rollsnounUS /roʊlz/

plural of “roll” — rotary motion of an object around its own axis

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

sofanounUS /ˈsoʊfə/

an upholstered seat for more than one person

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

takesnounUS /teɪks/

plural of “take” — the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She dresses Nini in her best gown, and takes her to call on the cat, Melanio.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "Dear me, Melanio is not very polite to-day," says Doretta, escorting the doll back to the sofa.

visitornounUS /ˈvɪzɪtər/

someone who visits

From this reading Raising himself on his four paws, he arches his flexible body, and then rolls himself up into a ball, turning his back upon his visitor.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The cat, Melanio, who is dozing with half-open eyes, is somewhat bored by these attentions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Doretta rests upon her laurels, playing with her doll Nini.

Chapter 4 of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian by Edmondo [Contributor] De Amicis holds 480 sentences, grouped into 96 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian contain?

Chapter 4 holds 480 sentences of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian, unabridged, divided into 96 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian by Edmondo [Contributor] De Amicis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 480 sentences, grouped into 96 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian?

Work through the 96 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 96 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian

Common questions about reading Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian by Edmondo [Contributor] De Amicis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian?

Yes. All 1904 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5728 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5728, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian take to read?

About 158 minutes of reading across 381 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian section by section

How to work through Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Living
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Florence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories by Foreign Authors: Italian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.