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Stories from English History
Stories from English History

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Stories from English History is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.
Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.
Britain had now become England.
The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.
The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories from English History

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Stories from English History is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.
/ðə bɔɪ ˈkæptɪvz faɪv ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz hæd pæst/
Line 2
Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.
/lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ ðə ˈroʊmənz hæd left ˈbrɪtən ənd əˈnʌðər ˈpiːpəl hæd kʌm frʌm əˈkrɔːs ðə siː tuː ˈkɑːŋkər ðə ˈkʌntri ənd draɪv ɪts ɪnˈhæbətənts tuː teɪk ˈrefjuːdʒ ɪn weɪlz ənd ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/
Line 3
Britain had now become England.
/ˈbrɪtən hæd naʊ bɪˈkʌm ˈɪŋɡlənd/
Line 4
The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.
Line 5
The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.
/ðə ˈkʌntri wɑːz dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntuː ə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈlɪtəl ˈkɪŋdəmz wɪtʃ wɜːr ˈɔːlweɪz æt wɔːr wɪð wʌn əˈnʌðər fɔːr iːtʃ kɪŋ ˈwɔːntɪd tuː biː mɔːr ˈpaʊərfəl ðæn ˈeni ˈʌðər ɪn ðə lænd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Britain noun US /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading “Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.”

captives noun US /ˈkæptɪvz/

plural of “captive” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading “THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.”

conquer verb US /ˈkɑːŋkər/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading “Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.”

Cornwall noun US /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading “Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.”

kingdoms noun US /ˈkɪŋdəmz/

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading “The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.”

refuge noun US /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading “Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.”

Romans noun US /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading “Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.”

Wales noun US /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading “Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Britain had now become England.

BOYnounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

CAPTIVESnounUS /ˈkæptɪvz/

plural of “captive” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

conquerverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkər/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

CornwallnounUS /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

driveverbUS /draɪv/

operate or control a vehicle

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Britain had now become England.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

FivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

heathens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

kingdomsnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəmz/

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Britain had now become England.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

refugenounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading Long ago the Romans had left Britain; and another people had come from across the sea to conquer the country and drive its inhabitants to take refuge in Wales and Cornwall.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The English in these days were very fierce heathens, who loved fighting, and were never at peace.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The country was divided into a number of little kingdoms, which were always at war with one another, for each king wanted to be more powerful than any other in the land.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading THE BOY CAPTIVES Five hundred years had passed.

Chapter 3 of Stories from English History by Hilda T. Skae holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Stories from English History contain?

Chapter 3 holds 145 sentences of Stories from English History, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Stories from English History by Hilda T. Skae exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Stories from English History?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stories from English History

Common questions about reading Stories from English History by Hilda T. Skae on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stories from English History?

Yes. All 920 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24725 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stories from English History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24725, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stories from English History take to read?

About 76 minutes of reading across 184 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stories from English History section by section

How to work through Stories from English History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Stories from English History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stories from English History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories from English History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dutton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Think
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from English History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.