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Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and
Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.
Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.
No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.
But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.
So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and

Chapter XXXII · Chapter 32

Chapter 32 of Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and is here in full — 37 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.
Line 2
Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.
Line 3
No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.
Line 4
But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.
Line 5
So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arthur's noun US /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading “HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.”

foretold verb US /fɔːrˈtoʊld/

inflected form of “foretell” — foreshadow or presage

From this reading “HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.”

knightly adjective US /ˈnaɪtli/

characteristic of the time of chivalry and knighthood in the Middle Ages

From this reading “No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.”

Lac noun US /læk/

resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects; used in e.g. varnishes and sealing wax

From this reading “But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.”

nephews noun US /ˈnefjuːz/

plural of “nephew” — a son of your brother or sister

From this reading “Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.”

plotted adjective US /ˈplɑːtɪd/

with planning and intention

From this reading “HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.”

prophecies noun US /ˈprɑːfəsiz/

plural of “prophecy” — knowledge of the future (usually said to be obtained from a divine source)

From this reading “HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.”

traitors noun US /ˈtreɪtərz/

plural of “traitor” — someone who betrays his country by committing treason

From this reading “So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

AGAINSTprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

Arthur'snounUS /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

boded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

boundsnounUS /baʊndz/

the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

cowardnounUS /ˈkaʊərd/

a person who shows fear or timidity

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

deednounUS /diːd/

a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

dishonourableadjective

lacking honor or integrity; deserving dishonor

From this reading Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

du

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

enviousadjectiveUS /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

esteemnounUS /əˈstiːm/

the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

foretoldverbUS /fɔːrˈtoʊld/

inflected form of “foretell” — foreshadow or presage

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

Gueneverenoun

(Arthurian legend) wife of King Arthur; in some versions of the legend she became Lancelot's lover and that led to the end of the Knights of the Round Table

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

hatenounUS /heɪt/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

imprisonedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

jealousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒeləs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

knightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

knightlyadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪtli/

characteristic of the time of chivalry and knighthood in the Middle Ages

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

knightsnounUS /naɪts/

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

LacnounUS /læk/

resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects; used in e.g. varnishes and sealing wax

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

LAUNCELOT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

marvellousadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrvələs/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

MerlinnounUS /ˈmɜːrlɪn/

(Arthurian legend) the magician who acted as King Arthur's advisor

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

MORDRED

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.

nephewsnounUS /ˈnefjuːz/

plural of “nephew” — a son of your brother or sister

From this reading Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

PLOTTEDadjectiveUS /ˈplɑːtɪd/

with planning and intention

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

propheciesnounUS /ˈprɑːfəsiz/

plural of “prophecy” — knowledge of the future (usually said to be obtained from a divine source)

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

QueennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

reportverbUS /riˈpɔːrt/

to give an account or representation of in words

From this reading No knightly deed had he ever done, and he hated to hear the good report of others because he himself was a coward and envious.

RoundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

SIRnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

TablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

traitorsnounUS /ˈtreɪtərz/

plural of “traitor” — someone who betrays his country by committing treason

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

utteredadjectiveUS /ˈʌtərd/

communicated in words

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

Vivien

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now, among the nephews of Arthur, was one most dishonourable; his name was Mordred.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading So, at last, his jealous rage passing all bounds, he spoke evil of the Queen and of Launcelot, saying that they were traitors to the King.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But of all the Round Table there was none that Mordred hated more than Sir Launcelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most honour; and not the less did Mordred hate Launcelot that he was the knight whom Queen Guenevere had in most esteem.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading HOW MORDRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LAUNCELOT Before Merlin passed from the world of men, imprisoned in the great stone by the evil arts of Vivien, he had uttered many marvellous prophecies, and one that boded ill to King Arthur; for he foretold that, in the days to come, a son of Arthur's sister should stir up bitter war against the King, and at last a great battle should be fought in the West, when many a brave knight should find his doom.

Chapter 32 of Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and by Beatrice E. (Beatrice Elizabeth) Clay holds 37 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and contain?

Chapter 32 holds 37 sentences of Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and by Beatrice E. (Beatrice Elizabeth) Clay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 37 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of Stories from Le Morte D'Arthur and?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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