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Stories from the Trenches
Stories from the Trenches

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Stories from the Trenches is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
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On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.
He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.
While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.
The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.
For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories from the Trenches

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Stories from the Trenches is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.
Line 2
He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.
Line 3
While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.
/waɪl ðə kɪŋ wɑːz ˈduːɪŋ ðɪs ðə ˈdʒɜːrmənz bɪˈɡæn ˈʃelɪŋ ˈpleɪsəz ɑːn ðə rɪdʒ wɪtʃ hiː hæd left bʌt hæf æn ˈaʊər bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 4
The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.
Line 5
For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

civilians noun US /səˈvɪljənz/

plural of “civilian” — a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading “For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:”

Gibbs noun US /ɡɪbz/

United States chemist (1839-1903)

From this reading “For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:”

inspected verb US /ˌɪnˈspektɪd/

past form of “inspect” — look over carefully

From this reading “He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.”

Ledger noun US /ˈledʒər/

a record in which commercial accounts are recorded

Lens noun US /lenz/

a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images

From this reading “The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.”

sector noun US /ˈsektər/

a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle

From this reading “On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.”

shelling noun US /ˈʃelɪŋ/

the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target

From this reading “On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.”

staged adjective US /steɪdʒd/

written for or performed on the stage

From this reading “For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

steadily increased adverb + adjective

In this reading “For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:”

For the benefit preposition + article + noun counted as “for … benefit”

In this reading “For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:”

from the north preposition + article + noun counted as “from … north”

In this reading “He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.”

since the day preposition + article + noun counted as “since … day”

In this reading “For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:”

by side preposition + noun

In this reading “He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.”

clouds of verb + particle counted as “cloud of”

In this reading “For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

civiliansnounUS /səˈvɪljənz/

plural of “civilian” — a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

climbingnounUS /ˈklaɪmɪŋ/

an event that involves rising to a higher point (as in altitude or temperature or intensity etc.)

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

frightfulnessnoun

the quality of being frightful

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

gallantlyadverbUS /ˈɡæləntli/

in a gallant manner

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

gasnounUS /ɡæs/

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

GibbsnounUS /ɡɪbz/

United States chemist (1839-1903)

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

horrorsnounUS /ˈhɔːrərz/

plural of “horror” — intense and profound fear

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

inspectedverbUS /ˌɪnˈspektɪd/

past form of “inspect” — look over carefully

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

IrishnounUS /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

LedgernounUS /ˈledʒər/

a record in which commercial accounts are recorded

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

LensnounUS /lenz/

a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

Messines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

PhilipnounUS /ˈfɪləp/

Englishman and husband of Elizabeth II (born 1921)

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

poisonedverbUS /ˈpɔɪzənd/

past form of “poison” — spoil as if by poison

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

PublicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

Redmond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

RidgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

sectornounUS /ˈsektər/

a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

shellingnounUS /ˈʃelɪŋ/

the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

stagedadjectiveUS /steɪdʒd/

written for or performed on the stage

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

Vimy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While the King was doing this the Germans began shelling places on the ridge which he had left but half an hour before.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He inspected the ground over which the Irish troops, men from the north and the south, fought so gallantly side by side during the taking of the Messines Ridge, and where Major William Redmond fell.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The King visited also Vimy Ridge, from which he could see the German lines about Lens, with British shells breaking on them.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading On the first morning after his arrival in France, King George visited the Messines Ridge sector of the front, climbing the ridge while the Germans were shelling the woods just to his left.

Ypresnoun

battle in World War I (1917); an Allied offensive which eventually failed because tanks bogged down in the waterlogged soil of Flanders; Germans introduced mustard gas which interfered with the Allied artillery

From this reading For the benefit of the King a special show was staged that he might witness “that black art of frightfulness which has steadily increased the horrors of war since the day when the enemy let loose clouds of poisoned gas upon the soldiers and civilians in Ypres,” says Philip Gibbs in the Philadelphia _Public Ledger_:

Chapter 3 of Stories from the Trenches by Carleton B. (Carleton Britton) Case holds 428 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Stories from the Trenches contain?

Chapter 3 holds 428 sentences of Stories from the Trenches, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Stories from the Trenches by Carleton B. (Carleton Britton) Case exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 428 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Stories from the Trenches?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stories from the Trenches

Common questions about reading Stories from the Trenches by Carleton B. (Carleton Britton) Case on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stories from the Trenches?

Yes. All 2087 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #49653 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stories from the Trenches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #49653, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stories from the Trenches take to read?

About 173 minutes of reading across 418 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stories from the Trenches section by section

How to work through Stories from the Trenches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Stories from the Trenches to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stories from the Trenches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories from the Trenches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humorous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lively
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Doings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Strangest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from the Trenches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.