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Stories from Virgil
Stories from Virgil

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Stories from Virgil is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stories from Virgil
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BATTLE AT THE CAMP.
And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.
First the Volscians drew near to the wall.
These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.
And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories from Virgil

Chapter XXII

Chapter 22 of Stories from Virgil is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BATTLE AT THE CAMP.
/ðə ˈbætəl æt ðə kæmp/
Line 2
And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.
/ənd naʊ ðə ˈtrʌmpət ɡeɪv ðə ˈsɪɡnəl fɔːr ˈbætəl/
Line 3
First the Volscians drew near to the wall.
Line 4
These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.
/ðiːz held ðer ʃiːldz ˈoʊvər ðer hedz ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ ðem ɪn kloʊs ərˈeɪ soʊ ðæt ðeɪ wɜːr laɪk ˈʌntuː ðə ʃel ʌv ə ˈtɔːrtəs ənd ðeɪ ðæt ber ðem fɪld ðə moʊt ənd pʊld daʊn ðə wɔːl/
Line 5
And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.
/ənd sʌm wʊd hæv ˈmaʊntəd ðə wɔːlz ɑːn ˈlædərz waɪl ðə men ʌv trɔɪ kæst spɪrz æt ðem ənd θrʌst æt ðem wɪð poʊlz ˈbiːɪŋ ˌɪnˈdiːd wel juːzd tuː ðə ˈmænər ʌv sʌtʃ ə faɪt frʌm wɔːlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

array noun US /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading “These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.”

joining noun US /ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)

From this reading “These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.”

ladders noun US /ˈlædərz/

plural of “ladder” — steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading “And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.”

moat noun US /moʊt/

ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water

From this reading “These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.”

shields noun US /ʃiːldz/

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading “These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.”

tortoise noun US /ˈtɔːrtəs/

usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica

From this reading “These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.”

Troy noun US /trɔɪ/

a system of weights used for precious metals and gemstones; based on a 12-ounce pound and an ounce of 480 grains

From this reading “And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.”

trumpet verb US /ˈtrʌmpət/

proclaim on, or as if on, a trumpet

From this reading “And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gave the signal verb + article + noun counted as “give … signal”

In this reading “And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.”

pulled down verb + adjective counted as “pull down”

tear down so as to make flat with the ground

In this reading “These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.”

like unto verb + particle

In this reading “These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CAMP.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CAMP.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

CAMPnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CAMP.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading First the Volscians drew near to the wall.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First the Volscians drew near to the wall.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

joiningnounUS /ˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication)

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

laddersnounUS /ˈlædərz/

plural of “ladder” — steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

moatnounUS /moʊt/

ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading First the Volscians drew near to the wall.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

polesnounUS /poʊlz/

plural of “pole” — a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

pulledverbUS /pʊld/

past form of “pull” — cause to move by pulling

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

shieldsnounUS /ʃiːldz/

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

spearsnounUS /spɪrz/

plural of “spear” — a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CAMP.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

thrustverbUS /θrʌst/

push forcefully

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading First the Volscians drew near to the wall.

tortoisenounUS /ˈtɔːrtəs/

usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

TroynounUS /trɔɪ/

a system of weights used for precious metals and gemstones; based on a 12-ounce pound and an ounce of 480 grains

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

trumpetverbUS /ˈtrʌmpət/

proclaim on, or as if on, a trumpet

From this reading And now the trumpet gave the signal for battle.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

Volscians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading First the Volscians drew near to the wall.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading First the Volscians drew near to the wall.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These held their shields over their heads, joining them in close array so that they were like unto the shell of a tortoise, and they that bare them filled the moat and pulled down the wall.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading And some would have mounted the walls on ladders; while the men of Troy cast spears at them and thrust at them with poles, being indeed well used to the manner of such a fight from walls.

Chapter 22 of Stories from Virgil by Alfred John Church holds 73 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Stories from Virgil contain?

Chapter 22 holds 73 sentences of Stories from Virgil, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Stories from Virgil by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 73 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Stories from Virgil?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stories from Virgil

Common questions about reading Stories from Virgil by Alfred John Church on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stories from Virgil?

Yes. All 2606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40622 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stories from Virgil is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40622, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stories from Virgil take to read?

About 217 minutes of reading across 522 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stories from Virgil section by section

How to work through Stories from Virgil section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Stories from Virgil to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stories from Virgil

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories from Virgil, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alfred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Church
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Master
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edward's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.