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Stories from Virgil
Stories from Virgil

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of Stories from Virgil is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stories from Virgil
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BATTLE AT THE CITY.
Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.
And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.
But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.
And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories from Virgil

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of Stories from Virgil is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BATTLE AT THE CITY.
/ðə ˈbætəl æt ðə ˈsɪti/
Line 2
Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.
Line 3
And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.
/ənd men dʌɡ ˈtrentʃɪz bɪˈfɔːr ðə ɡeɪts ənd ˈɡæðərd stɔːr ʌv stoʊnz ənd steɪks ənd ðə ˈwɪmən ənd ˈtʃɪldrən stʊd əˈpɑːn ðə wɔːlz/
Line 4
But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.
Line 5
And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

array noun US /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading “Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.”

fortify verb US /ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ/

make strong or stronger

From this reading “Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.”

incense noun US /ˌɪnˈsens/

a substance that produces a fragrant odor when burned

From this reading “And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.”

matrons noun US /ˈmeɪtrənz/

plural of “matron” — a married woman (usually middle-aged with children) who is staid and dignified

From this reading “But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.”

Pallas noun US /ˈpæləs/

(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva

From this reading “But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.”

Phrygian noun US /ˈfrɪdʒiən/

a native or inhabitant of Phrygia

From this reading “And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.”

stakes noun US /steɪks/

the money risked on a gamble

From this reading “And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.”

trenches noun US /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

beautiful eyes adjective + noun

In this reading “But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.”

upon the walls preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … wall”

In this reading “And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.”

stood upon verb + particle

In this reading “And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CITY.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CITY.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

chiefest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CITY.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

dugnounUS /dʌɡ/

an udder or breast or teat

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

fortifyverbUS /ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ/

make strong or stronger

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

goddessnounUS /ˈɡɑːdəs/

a female deity

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

incensenounUS /ˌɪnˈsens/

a substance that produces a fragrant odor when burned

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

Lavinia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

matronsnounUS /ˈmeɪtrənz/

plural of “matron” — a married woman (usually middle-aged with children) who is staid and dignified

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

PallasnounUS /ˈpæləs/

(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

PhrygiannounUS /ˈfrɪdʒiən/

a native or inhabitant of Phrygia

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

prayernounUS /prer/

the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving)

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

robber's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

sorrowsnounUS /ˈsɑːroʊz/

plural of “sorrow” — an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

spearnounUS /spɪr/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

stakesnounUS /steɪks/

the money risked on a gamble

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BATTLE AT THE CITY.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

Turnus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then Turnus commanded that of the chiefs some should set the battle in array, and some should fortify the gates, and some should follow after himself.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

virginnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But the queen and the chiefest of the matrons went to the temple of Pallas, and with them was the virgin Lavinia, from whom all these sorrows sprang, casting down her beautiful eyes to the ground.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading And men dug trenches before the gates, and gathered store of stones and stakes; and the women and children stood upon the walls.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading And they offered incense and prayer to the goddess, that she would break the Phrygian robber's spear, and lay him low before the walls of the city.

Chapter 25 of Stories from Virgil by Alfred John Church holds 97 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of Stories from Virgil contain?

Chapter 25 holds 97 sentences of Stories from Virgil, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of Stories from Virgil by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 97 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of Stories from Virgil?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stories from Virgil

Common questions about reading Stories from Virgil by Alfred John Church on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stories from Virgil?

Yes. All 2606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40622 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stories from Virgil is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40622, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stories from Virgil take to read?

About 217 minutes of reading across 522 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stories from Virgil section by section

How to work through Stories from Virgil section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Stories from Virgil to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stories from Virgil

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories from Virgil, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alfred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Church
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Master
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edward's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stories from Virgil; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.