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Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
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THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.
Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."
To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.
Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.
Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.
Line 2
Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."
Line 3
To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.
/tuː ðɪs ðeɪ kənˈsentɪd ənd soʊ ˈkʌmɪŋ tuː ðə ˈsɪti ʌv bɔːrˈdoʊ wɜːr ˈdʒɔɪfəli rəˈsiːvd baɪ ðə kɪŋ ənd hɪz ˈkɔːrtiərz/
Line 4
Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.
Line 5
Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bordeaux noun US /bɔːrˈdoʊ/

a port city in southwestern France; a major center of the wine trade

From this reading “To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.”

consented verb US /kənˈsentɪd/

past form of “consent” — give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to

From this reading “To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.”

counted verb US /ˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “count” — determine the number or amount of

From this reading “Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.”

courtiers noun US /ˈkɔːrtiərz/

plural of “courtier” — an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading “To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.”

hotly adverb US /ˈhɑːtli/

in a heated manner

From this reading “Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.”

joyfully adverb US /ˈdʒɔɪfəli/

in a joyous and gleeful manner

From this reading “To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.”

Saracens noun US /ˈserəsənz/

plural of “saracen” — (historically) a member of the nomadic people of the Syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the Roman Empire

From this reading “THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.”

slain noun US /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading “Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many days adjective + noun

In this reading “Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.”

went forth verb + particle counted as “go forth”

go away from a place

In this reading “Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.”

great battle adjective + noun

In this reading “Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.”

from the city preposition + article + noun counted as “from … city”

In this reading “Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.”

came in verb + particle counted as “come in”

to come or go into

In this reading “THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

BordeauxnounUS /bɔːrˈdoʊ/

a port city in southwestern France; a major center of the wine trade

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

COMINGnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

comradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."

consentedverbUS /kənˈsentɪd/

past form of “consent” — give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

countedverbUS /ˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “count” — determine the number or amount of

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

courtiersnounUS /ˈkɔːrtiərz/

plural of “courtier” — an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

Gasconynoun

a region of southwestern France

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

hotlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːtli/

in a heated manner

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

joyfullyadverbUS /ˈdʒɔɪfəli/

in a joyous and gleeful manner

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

Mawgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

Poictiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

Reynaud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

ridingnounUS /ˈraɪdɪŋ/

the sport of sitting on the back of a horse while controlling its movements

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

ROLAND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."

SaracensnounUS /ˈserəsənz/

plural of “saracen” — (historically) a member of the nomadic people of the Syrian and Arabian deserts at the time of the Roman Empire

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

slainnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Reynaud said to his comrades, "Let us go to the help of the King."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Not many days after, the King of the Saracens came to Bordeaux, and Reynaud and his comrades went forth from the city to attack him.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To this they consented, and so coming to the city of Bordeaux were joyfully received by the King and his courtiers.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Then followed a great battle, and the Saracens fled, whom Reynaud pursued so hotly that all his friends counted him to have been slain.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE COMING OF ROLAND Reynaud and his brothers, with Mawgis their cousin, came in their riding to Poictiers, where it was told them that John, King of Gascony was hard pressed by the Saracens.

Chapter 4 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church holds 83 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France contain?

Chapter 4 holds 83 sentences of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 83 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 3
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