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Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.
He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.
We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.
This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."
"Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.
Line 2
He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.
Line 3
We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.
Line 4
This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."
Line 5
"Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

climbed verb US /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading “HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.”

flashing noun US /ˈflæʃɪŋ/

a short vivid experience

From this reading “He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.”

France noun US /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading “We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.”

heathen noun US /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading “HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.”

Oliver noun US /ˈɑːləvər/

United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)

From this reading “HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.”

Spain noun US /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading “He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.”

thence adverb US /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading “HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.”

traitor noun US /ˈtreɪtər/

someone who betrays his country by committing treason

From this reading “This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

from thence preposition + adverb

In this reading “HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.”

whole army adjective + noun

In this reading “HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

Beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

climbedverbUS /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."

flashingnounUS /ˈflæʃɪŋ/

a short vivid experience

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

FRENCHnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

Ganelon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

hearverbUS /hiːr/

perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

HEATHENnounUS /ˈhiːðən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

OlivernounUS /ˈɑːləvər/

United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

PREPAREDadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

Roland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

thenceadverbUS /ðens/

from that place or that time

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

therefromadverb

from that circumstance or source

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

traitornounUS /ˈtreɪtər/

someone who betrays his country by committing treason

From this reading This is the doing of Ganelon the traitor."

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He cried to Roland his companion, "I hear a great sound of men coming by way of Spain, and I see the flashing of arms.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We men of France shall have no small trouble therefrom.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading HOW THE HEATHEN AND THE FRENCH PREPARED FOR BATTLE Oliver climbed to the top of a hill, and saw from thence the whole army of the heathen.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Be silent," answered Roland, "till you shall know; say no more about him."

Chapter 28 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France contain?

Chapter 28 holds 68 sentences of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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